Observational Learning and Memory

Flashcards covering key concepts from observational learning, memory types, effects related to memory, and psychological processes.

Observational Learning

Learning that occurs by observing the behavior of others without direct experience with reinforcement or punishment.

Primacy Effect

The tendency to remember information presented at the beginning of a sequence, associated with long-term memory.

Recency Effect

The tendency to remember information that is presented last, associated with short-term memory.

Retrograde Amnesia

A type of amnesia where memories before a certain point in time are lost.

Anterograde Amnesia

A type of amnesia where the ability to form new memories after a certain point is impaired.

Declarative Memory

Type of memory that involves conscious recollection of information, including episodic and semantic memories.

Nondeclarative Memory

Type of memory that involves skills and tasks that can be performed without conscious awareness, such as procedural memory.

Flashbulb Memories

Highly detailed and vivid memories of significant events, often recalled with great clarity.

Reconstructive Memory

A process where the retrieval of memories is influenced by the way they were encoded, leading to potential alterations.

The Misinformation Effect

A phenomenon where a person's recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate due to post-event information.

Spacing Effect

The improved memory retention that occurs when study sessions are spaced out over time instead of massed together.

Transfer-Appropriate Processing (TAP)

The principle that memory is improved when the conditions present at retrieval match the conditions present at encoding.

Attribution

The mental process of inferring the causes of or providing explanations for people's behavior.