Variables that affect communication and its success or failure
Cultural identity, setting, participants
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A socially shared system of arbitrary symbols used for communication
Language
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In language, generative
Freshly created
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In language, dynamic
Change over time
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Language can be __ , ___ *, or* __
Oral, written, signed
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The physical production of spoken language
* Mechanical * All about productions * Lips, throat, tongue, mouth, etc.
Speech
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The process of perceiving sound, how you process and perceive sound
Hearing
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* “The structure of sounds” * Individual sounds that make up words
Phonology
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* “The structure of words” * The study of word structures / pieces of words * A collection of rules for combining “pieces” to form words
Morphology
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* “The structure of sentences” * A collection of rules for combining words into phrases and sentences (word order; sentence structure)
Syntax
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The form of language has to do with _______
Structure
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If you have difficulties with phonology, morphology, and/or syntax, you have difficulties with the _____ of language
Form
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* The study of the meaning in language * Vocabulary is a part of semantics
Semantics
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If you have difficulties with vocabulary and the meaning of words, you have difficulties with the _____ of language
Content
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* The purpose of language; why we are communicating in the first place * We don’t communicate in order to make sounds (phonology), to put appropriate prefixes or suffixes on words (morphology), to put words in a particular order (syntax) or to use certain vocabulary (semantics) * There is a broader purpose to communication
Language - Use
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The study of rules that govern language use in social situations, both spoken and written
Pragmatics
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* Knowing when to take a turn in a conversation * Maintaining a topic * Rules for making eye contact * Asking partners questions about themselves, rather than simply talking about yourself
Pragmatics Examples
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The components of language
Form, Content, Use
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The components of speech
Voice, articulation, fluency
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* The sound source for speech * Produced in the larynx, a structure in the neck
Voice
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The movement of the speech mechanism to produce the sounds of speech
Articulation
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Easy, smooth, flowing, and effortless speech
Fluency
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The components of hearing
Acuity, central auditory processing
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The ability to perceive sound
Acuity
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* Normal hearing acuity * Difficulty understanding speech
Central Auditory Processing Disorder
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Cause of the problem
Etiology
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Neurological or physiological cause
Organic
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Does not have a known organic cause (how it is used)
Functional
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Deteriorates over time
Progressive / Degenerative
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Does not deteriorate over time
Non-progressive
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Occurs before, during, or shortly after the time of birth