Geography Paper 2.

Give 3 pull factor of urban migration. [3 marks]

More jobs, better education and health care, and increased quality of life.

Give 3 push factor of urban migration. [3 marks]

Natural disaster, conflict and lack of employment.

One case study is Rio de Janeiro.

Give one regionally importance.

• It has 13.5 millions people.

One case study is Rio de Janeiro.

Give one nationally importance.

Main major trading port.

One case study is Rio de Janeiro.

Give one international importance.

A famous tourist destination.

Give three challenges of urban growth in Rio de Janeiro.

• Increase house demand which can cause house price increase.

• No strict curriculum and violence cause decrease in quality of education.

• Increased pollution due to increased demand of transport and waste disposal.

One urban planning is bus rapid transit.

Explain how this urban planning improve the quality of life. [3 marks]

• Increase the number bus lane.

• The buses are reliable and arrive on time.

• Increase the number of passengers are being transported.

Outline how international migration has affected Manchester. [2 marks]

Migrants from other countries will often live near to each other for support, which mean more likely hear different language spoken on the street.

Outline one way that national migration has led to change in the character of Manchester.

Migrants create a need for more housing often built which lead to urban sprawl.

Give 3 social challenges of urban growth in Manchester. [3 marks]

• Deprivation- high unemployment rate due to decline in economic.

• Inequality on housing- increase in population means increased in house demand.

• Education- poorer quality of education in inner city compare to wealthier city.

Give 2 economic challenges of growth in Manchester.

• Deprivation- high unemployment rate due to decline in economic.

• Inequality on housing- increase in population means increased in house price.

Give 3 environment challenge of urban growth in Manchester.

• Dereliction- a lot of building are abandoned in inner city which cause less brownfield is usable.

• Air pollution- More people will use vehicle which decrease quality of air.

• Waste disposal- More people means more waste is produced and create challenges of managing of this waste.

Suggest a reason that urban regeneration is needed in Salford Quays. [1 mark]

The area suffered from pollution, crime, and social deprivation.

Give 3 opportunities of Urban regeneration in Salford Quays.

• New services are created to meet the needs of new residents.

• Reduced crime rate.

• Generate income as tourist destination.

Give 3 challenges of Urban regeneration in Salford Quays.

• Increase in traffic congestion.

• Renewal process can create pollution.

• Inequality are created between new and existing residents.

Give 3 physical factor cause uneven development.

• Natural resource- such as fuel and water.

• Natural hazard- it could benefit or damage infrastructure.

• Climate- extreme climate can limit industry and affect healths

Give 3 human factor cause uneven development.

• Aid- help to develop project for infrastructure.

• Trade- country can earn money from export goods to other country.

• Education- more educated people means earn more money to pay taxes.

Give two historical factor that cause uneven development.

• Colonisation- more profit went to the colonisers (country that rule other country).

• Conflict- can cause slower the development and a lot of service is disrupted.

Discuss the benefits and disadvantage of using aid to reduce the global development gaps. [3 marks]

• Aid is giving resource or money to another country.

• Can improve buildings or agriculture.

• Can be wasted by corrupt government.

Discuss the benefits and disadvantage of using technology to reduce the global development gaps. [3 marks]

• Using tool or machine to improve quality of life.

• Less expensive for renewable energy.

• Require skills in operating technology.

Discuss the benefits and disadvantage of using fair trade to reduce the global development gaps. [3 marks]

• Movement where farmers get fair price the good production.

• Paid fairly so they can develop school and health centre.

• Not a lot of extra money for farmer.

Discuss the benefits and disadvantage of using debt relief to reduce the global development gaps. [3 marks]

• Country’s debt cancel.

• More money spend on development.

• Local might not always get a say.

Explain how tourism can help to reduce the development gap in Jamaica. [4 marks]

• There are 200000 Jamaican work in tourism which have range of jobs.

• Such as cleaning, construction of tourist facilities and etc.

• 24% of GDP is from tourism.

• Money can be used to improve health care, education which can boost overall level of development.

Explain 3 advantage of TNC(s) to the host country. [3 marks]

• Create 65000 jobs for local people.

• There are government benefits from taxes to improve education, healthcare and services.

• Provide 3000 scholarships to secondary school and universities.