AP Gov Chapter 3 Vocab

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26 Terms

1

block grants

National funding with minimal restrictions to the states on its use and is preferred by the states.

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2

categorical grants

National funding that is restricted to specific categories of expenditures, is preferred by the national government, and is the most commonly used form of funding.

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3

concurrent powers

Shared between both levels of government such as the power to collect taxes, the power to make and enforce laws, and the power to build roads.

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4

denied power

Powers rejected for both state and national governments.

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5

devolution

Transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local governments

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6

enumerated powers/delegated

Written in the Constitution

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7

Federalism

The system of government in the United States in which power is shared between the national and state governments.

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8

Federalist 51

Explains how constitutional provisions of separation of powers and checks and balances control potential abuses by majorities.

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9

fiscal federalism

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state and local governments.

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10

Formula grants

Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations.

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11

Fourteenth Amendment

Due Process Clause and Equal Protection Clause as applied to the states

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12

Full faith and credit clause

A clause in Article IV of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the public acts, record, an judicial proceedings of all other states

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13

Grants-in-aid

Federal funds appropriated by Congress for distribution to state and local governments.

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14

implied powers

Not specifically written in the Constitution but are inferred from the Necessary and Proper Clause

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15

inherent powers

Those not explicitly stated in the Constitution that allows the government to take actions, which are needed to efficiently perform essential duties

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16

McCulloch v.Maryland

In deciding this case about a national bank and state taxes, the court established supremacy of the US Constitution and federal laws over state laws.

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17

Necessary and proper/elastic clause

Gives Congress the power to make laws related to carrying out its enumerated powers, but Supreme Court interpretations can influence the extent of these powers.

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18

privileges and immunities clause

The provision of the Constitution according citizens of each state the privileges of citizens of any state in which they happen to be.

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19

project grants

Federal categorical grants given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of the merits of applications.

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20

reserved powers

Those not delegated or enumerated to the national government, but are reserved to the states, as stated in the Tenth Amendment.

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21

revenue sharing

National funding with almost no restrictions to the states on its use and is the least used form of funding.

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22

supremacy clause

Gives the national government and its laws general precedence over states’ laws, but Supreme Court interpretations may affect when specific actions exceed this constitutional power.

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23

Tenth Amendment

The last of the Bill of Rights to define the balance of power between the federal government and the states; establishes reserved powers of the states.

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24

mandate

Required by the national government of the states.

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25

Unfunded mandates

Any federal regulation issued to lower levels of government will not come with any federal funds.

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26

US v Lopez

Congress exceeded its power under the Commerce Clause when it made possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime.

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