Medical Terminology: Chapter 2-Organization of the body terms

Abdomen

space below the chest that contains organs such as the stomach, liver, intestines, and gallbladder

abdominal cavity

space between the thoracic and pelvic cavity

Anterior

pertaining to the front

bronchial tubes

tubes that carry air from windpipe to lungs

bronchoscopy

visual examination of the bronchial

Cartilage

connective tissue

Cervical

pertaining to the neck

chondroma

benign tumor of cartilage

Chondrosarcoma

malignant tumor of cartilage

circulatory system

organs that carry blood throughout the body

coccygeal

pertaining to the tailbone

Coccyx

tailbone

cranical cavity

Cavity that contains the brain

craniotomy

incision of the skull

Diaphragm

a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lungs.

digestive system

body system the breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

disc

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

endocrine system

endocrine glands

epithelial

pertaining to skin cells

esophageal

pertaining to the esophagus

Esophagus

A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

female reproductive system

organs that produce and transport egg cells and secrete female hormones

frontal plane

Divides the body into front and back portions (anterior and posterior)

Hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

laparoscopy

visual examination of the abdomen

laparotomy

incision into the abdomen

laryngeal

pertaining to the larynx

larynx

voice box

Lateral

pertaining to the side

Lumbar

pertaining to the loins

Lymphocyte

white blood cell

male reproductive system

organs that produce sperm cells and male hormones

mediastinal

pertaining to the mediastinum

Mediastinum

space between the lungs

musculoskeletal system

the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement

nervous system

organs that transmit messages

Ovary

organs that produce egg cells and female hormones

pelvic cavity

the space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

pelvis

pertaining to the pelvis/bones of the hip area

peritoneal

pertaining to the peritoneum

peritoneum

membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

pharyngeal

pertaining to the pharynx

Pharynx

throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

pituitary gland

organ that secret hormones

pleura

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

pleuritis

inflammation of the pleura

Posterior

toward the back

radiology

study of x-rays

respiratory system

system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs

Sacral

pertaining to the sacrum

Sacrum

triangular bone at the base of the spine

Sagiittal Plane

divides body into left and right

spinal cavity

space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord

spinal column

backbones; vertebrae

spinal cord

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

thoracic cavity

space between the abdomen

thoracotomy

incision of the chest

Trachea

windpipe

tracheotomy

incision into the trachea

transverse plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

ureter

A duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

urinary system

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Uterus

Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus.

vertebra

backbone

Vertebrae

backbones

Vertebral

pertaining to the backbones