Chapter 10: Language Variation

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18 Terms

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Bidialectal

having mastered two dialects.

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Registers

different levels of speech formality (Formal, informal, casual, etc)

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Jargon

is clearly understood by those within the field in which it is spoken, but is incomprehensible to outsiders.

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Mutual intelligibility

if speakers of one language variety can understand speakers of another language variety.

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Dialectologists

people who study regional dialects.

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sequences of sounds

Differences are also found depending on what are allowed.

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Idiolect

the speech habits that are unique to a particular person.

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Sociolinguistics

the study of the relationship between language varieties and social structure as well as the interrelationships among different language varieties.

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Isoglosses

lines that mark the geographic boundaries of linguistic form.

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Overt prestige

attached to a particular variety by the community at large and defines how people should speak in order to gain status in the wider community.

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Covert prestige

exists among members of nonstandard- speaking communities and defines how people should speak in order to gain status in the wider community.

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Style shifting

automatically adjusting from one speech style to another.

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Signals of identity

through language can be overt or subtle.

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Speech styles

systematic variations in speech based on factors such as topic, setting, and addressee.

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ethnic communities

Ethnicity influences variation in multi- .

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Standard American English

the standard dialect in the United States.

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Prescriptive standard

the standard by which people often make judgements of "right "and "wrong.

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Jargon

technical words that differ only in lexical items that are specific to a job, field of study, sport, etc.