Anatomy 1 Lab Practical 1 The cell

Cell parts and Cell division

Cell (plasma) membrane

Regulates passage of materials into and out of the cell; selectively

permeable

nucleus

contains chromatin and the nucleolus; control center of the cell

nuclear membrane (envelope)

Double layered membrane forming the outer boundary of the nucleus

nuclear pore

allows materials to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

nucleolus

assembles ribosomes

chromatin

Location of DNA and genes; provides genetic regulation of the cell. Called chromosomes during cell division

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Synthesis, transport, and packaging of proteins

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Synthesis, transport, and packaging of carbohydrates and lipids

Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis

Golgi body (apparatus)

Final assembly, transport, and packaging of materials, mostly for secretion from the cell

Secretory vesicle

Exports materials from the cell by exocytosis

Lysosome

Digests large molecules within the cell into simpler components

Peroxisome

Detoxifies harmful substances such as alcohols and hydrogen peroxide

Mitochondrion

Site of the aerobic steps of cellular respiration; breaks down glucose to make ATP

Centriole

Cylindrical organelle occurring in pairs; involved in the development of spindle fibers

Centrosome

Microtubule organizing center of the cell; contains the centriole pair

Cytoplasm

All material inside the cell except the nucleus

Cytosol

The aqueous portion of the cytoplasm

Cilia

Short motile projections that move substances across the cell surface

Microvilli

Small non-motile projections that increase surface area for absorption

Interphase

Non-dividing cell. General cell growth, normal cell activity, and replication of DNA

Prophase

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Nuclear membrane breaks down. Nucleolus disappears. Spindle apparatus forms

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate at the center of the cell (M for Middle)

Anaphase

Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles by the spindle apparatus. Each separated chromatid is now a chromosome ( A for Apart)

Telophase

Chromosomes reach the opposite poles and clump. The events of prophase are reversed. Chromosomes uncoil back to chromatin, the nucleolus and nuclear membrane reform, and the spindle apparatus is dismantled (T for Two nuclei)

Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells. In animal cells this occurs by a cleavage furrow. Cytokinesis overlaps late anaphase and telophase rather than following them as a fifth phase of mitosis

What is the order of cell growth and division?

Interphase —> Mitosis begins: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase,—> Cytokinesis