OS Ch 7: Creating Republican Govts, 1776-1790

Abigail Adams

Urged legal equality for women and warned against unlimited power in the hands of husbands.

Republican Motherhood

Concept that women had a role in raising children as republican citizens and educating them in civic virtues.

Treaty of Greenville

Established in 1795, ended hostilities in the Ohio region and opened it to white settlement after General Anthony Wayne's victory.

Articles of Confederation

Weak framework of government adopted in 1781, struggled with maintaining order and economic conditions.

Land Ordinance of 1785

Sold Old Northwest land to pay off national debt, simplified settlement, and funded public education.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Established procedures for territories becoming states and prohibited slavery in the Old Northwest.

Shays’s Rebellion

Backcountry farmers' protest in Massachusetts demanding economic relief and highlighting the need for a stronger central government.

Annapolis Convention

Called in 1786 to address commerce regulation issues, leading to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.

Virginia Plan

Proposed representation based on population in a bicameral legislature, favoring larger states.

New Jersey Plan

Suggested equal representation in a unicameral congress by states, protecting smaller states' interests.

Great Compromise

Balanced representation by population in the House and equal representation in the Senate, addressing taxation and legislative origins.

Three-Fifths Compromise

Compromise on counting slaves as 3/5ths a person for representation and taxation purposes.

Antifederalists

Opposed the Constitution due to concerns about federal power and individual rights, instrumental in securing a bill of rights.

The Federalist Papers

Articles advocating for the Constitution's ratification, explaining the control of factions and the system of checks and balances.

Mercy Otis Warren

College educated, wrote patriot propaganda in letters to newspapers, political pamphlets, and satirical plays. She took an Anti-Federalist stance and opposed ratification of the Constitution since it lacked a bill of rights

Judith Sargent Murray

Self-educated, wrote “On the Equality of the Sexes” which championed for women’s economic independence.

Slave Trade Compromise

The agreement was that Congress could not ban slave trade (not slavery) until 1808, in addition it barred preventing the return of runaway saves.

Checks and Balances

• The president can veto legislation, nominate judges, and grant pardons.

• Congress can override vetoes, confirm or reject presidential appointments, ratify or reject treaties, and impeach members of the other two branches.

• The judicial branch can declare actions of the executive branch unconstitutional and declare laws made by Congress unconstitutional.

Expressed Powers

These are powers explicitly granted to the federal government by the Constitution

Implied Powers

These are powers not explicitly granted by the Constitution but are powers derived from the elastic clause plus one or more of the expressed powers.

Necessary and Proper Clause

Also known as the elastic clause, the Constitution grants Congress the power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers.

Reserved Powers

The powers not granted to the federal government by the Constitution nor prohibited to the states are given to the states or people.

Concurrent Powers

Concurrent powers are those powers given to both the federal government and the states.