psychology 4c

Two Factor Theory (two factor Schacter)

adds cognition to general arousal. physical reaction is same but thought can vary

James-Lange Theory

physical first then emotional. no cognition included

Broaden-and-Build Theory

positive emotions -> curiosity and resilience -> overall fulfillment and success

Lazarus

appraisal w/out awareness

Zajonc

rapid reaction, get a feeling but don't know why, "can't put a finger on it"

Drive Reduction Theory

interactions between inner pushes and external pulls. need produces drive (state of tension or arousal):need for food produces drive for hunger

arousal theory

finding right level of stimulation. When basic needs are met some actively seek high arousal -> Yerkes-Dodson

Yerkes-Dodson curve

relationship b/w stress and performance. little stress leads to boredom. as stress increases performance increases. when stress reaches moderately high level performance peaks. additional stress leads to decreased performance (burnout)

sensation seeking theory

these people look for thrill. prone to disinhibition (loss of control) and more susceptible to boredom.

Maslow's Hierarchy

Physiological -> Safety -> belonging -> esteem -> self actualization

incentive

a reward/punishment that influences behavior

instinct theory

a fixed pattern throughout a species - unlearned. Not found in humans

self-determination

comes under humanistic. we are motivated by the need for autonomy, competency and relatedness

overjustification effect

adding extrinsic to an action with often lower intrinsic to do action (e.g. reading for fun -> add grades -> reading for homework -> don't like reading anymore)

physiological arousal

sympathetic nervous system

mobilized us for action by directing adrenals to release stress homrones -> increase heart rate, blod pressure, sugar levels -> trigger other defensive physical reactions

parasympathetic nervous system

calms us after crisis has taken place

epinephrine

another name for adrenaline

universal expressions

happiness, surprise, fear, sadness, anger, disgust

display rules

culturally learned norms that dictate how we express emotions

elicitors

stimuli or events that trigger an emotion

facial feedback hypothesis

facial expressions can directly influence emotional experience

lateral hypothalamus

triggers hunger

ventromedial hypothalamus

inhibits hunger

lewin's conflict theory

choices create conflicts one must resolve

Approach-Approach (lewin's)

have to choose b/w two positive choices (eating Italian or mexican)

Approach-Avoidance (lewin's)

one option - choose to do or not do it - has possible good or bad outcome (asking someone out can say yes or no)

avoidance-avoidance (lewin's)

choosing b/w two bad or unlikeable choices (throw my friend under the bus or say i did it)

Cannon-Bard

simultaneous - heart races at the same time we feel afraid