MICROBIO CEE - Virology

Viruses that do not have membranes

Naked Viruses

Naked DNA Virus examples

Papillomavirus

Adenovirus

Parvovirus

Polyomavirus

Naked RNA virus examples

Calicivirus

Picornavirus

Reovirus

Hepevirus

Characteristics of most DNA Viruses

Double stranded
Icosahedral
Linear DNA
Replicated in the Nucleus

 ALL DNA VIRUSES ARE DOUBLE STRANDED EXCEPT______

PARVOVIRUS

ALL DNA VIRUSES ARE ICOSAHEDRAL EXCEPT____

POX VIRUS (COMPLEX)

ALL DNA VIRUSES HAVE LINEAR DNA, EXCEPT ____

HEPADNA, POLYOMA, PAPILLOMA

ALL DNA VIRUSES REPLICATED IN NUCLEUS, EXCEPT ___

POX VIRUS

ALL RNA VIRUSES ARE SINGLE STRANDED EXCEPT ______

REOVIRUS

ALL RNA VIRUSES REPLICATE IN THE CYTOPLASM EXCEPT _____

RETROVIRUS AND INFLUENZA VIRUS

Disease associated:

• herpes labialis (cold sores)

• temporal lobe encephalitis

• sporadic encephalitis

Herpes simplex virus-1

Other info:
latent in trigeminal ganglia

Herpes simplex virus-1

Disease associated:
Herpes genitalis, neonatal herpes

Herpes simplex virus-2

Other info:
latent in sacral ganglia

Herpes simplex virus-2

Disease associated:

• chickenpox, shingles

• postherpetic neuralgia

VaricellaZoster virus (HHV-3)

Other info:
Latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia

VaricellaZoster virus (HHV-3)

Disease associated:

• “kissing disease”

• Mononucleosis

• Lymphomas

• nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4)

Other info:

• (+) Monospot test

• Use of amoxicillin in mononucleosis can cause characteristic maculopapular rash

Epstein-Barr virus (HHV-4)

Disease associated:
AIDS retinitis

Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5)

Other info:
“owl eye” intranuclear inclusions

Cytomegalovirus (HHV-5)

Disease associated:
Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum)

Human herpesviruses 6 and 7

Disease associated:

• Kaposi sarcoma

• Seen in HIV/AIDS and transplant patients.

Human herpesvirus 8

DNA Viruses family examples (7)

Herpesviruses

Poxvirus

Hepadnavirus

Adenovirus

Papillomavirus

Polyomavirus

Parvovirus

Disease associated:

• Smallpox

• Cowpox

• Molluscum contagiosum

Poxvirus

Other info:

largest DNA virus

Poxvirus

Disease associated:

• Acute or chronic hepatitis 

• Hepa-B virus

Hepadnavirus

Disease associated:
Febrile pharyngitis

Adenovirus

Disease associated:

• HPV–warts 

• cervical cancer

Papillomavirus

Disease associated:

• JC virus

• BK virus

Polyomavirus

Disease associated:

• “slapped cheek” rash in children

• erythema infectiosum, or fifth disease

Parvovirus

Positive or negative sense single-stranded RNA virus?

• In the host cell, the ____ of the virus is directly translated into Viral proteins.

positive-sense RNA single-stranded RNA virus

Positive or negative sense single-stranded RNA virus?
•It is not readable by the host ribosome.

• First, the _____(3'-to-5')

is converted into positive-sense RNA

(5'-t0-3') by viruses RNA-dependent

RNA polymerase.

negative-sense RNA single-stranded RNA virus

NEGATIVE STRAND-RNA VIRUSES

mnemonic

"Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication"

NEGATIVE STRAND-RNA VIRUSES examples

Arenaviruses

Bunyaviruses

Paramyxoviruses (Measles, Mumps, RSV,Parainfluenza)

Orthomyxoviruses (Influenza A&B)

Filoviruses (Ebola)

Rhabdoviruses (Rabies)

Disease/virus associated:

Rotavirus- diarrhea in children

Reoviruses

Disease/virus associated:
Poliovirus

Echovirus

Rhinovirus- “common cold”

Coxsackievirus - aseptic meningitis

HAV - acute viral hepatitis

Picornaviruses

aseptic meningitis is caused by

Coxsackievirus

acute viral meningitis is caused by

HAV

Also known as the “common cold”

Rhinovirus

Disease/virus associated:
HEV

Hepevirus

Disease/virus associated:
Norovirus—viral gastroenteritis

Caliciviruses

Disease/virus associated:

HCV

Dengue

Zika virus

Flaviviruses

Disease/virus associated:
Chikungunya virus

Rubella

Togaviruses

Disease/virus associated:
HIV—AIDS

Retroviruses

Disease/virus associated:
“Common cold,” SARS, MERS

Coronaviruses

Disease/virus associated:
Influenza virus

Orthomyxoviruses

Disease/virus associated:

• Parainfluenza

• RSV

• Measles, Mumps

PaRaMyxoviruses

Disease/virus associated:

Rabies

Rhabdoviruses

Disease/virus associated:
Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever

Filoviruses

Disease/virus associated:

• LCMV

• Lassa fever encephalitis

Arenaviruses

Disease/virus associated:
California encephalitis

Bunyaviruses

Disease/virus associated:
HDV is a “defective” virus

Delta virus

Family of HAV

RNA picornavirus

Family of HBV

DNA hepadnavirus

Family of HCV virus

RNA flavivirus

Family of HDV virus

RNA deltavirus

Family of HEV

RNA hepevirus

What hepatitis virus?
High mortality in pregnant women

HEV

Hepatitis virus families

• HAV

• HBV

• HCV

• HDV

• HEV

What are common agents that transmitt infection from the mother to fetus?

Toxoplasma gondii

Rubella

Cytomegalovirus

HIV

Herpes simplex virus-2

Syphilis

MOT: Cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat

Toxoplasma gondii

Maternal manifestations:
Usually asymptomatic;

lymphadenopathy (rarely)

Toxoplasma gondii

MOT: Respiratory droplets

Rubella

Maternal Manifestations:
Rash, lymphadenopathy,

polyarthritis, polyarthralgia

Rubella

MOT: Sexual contact, organ transplant

Cytomegalovirus

Maternal manifestations:
Usually asymptomatic;

mononucleosis-like illness

Cytomegalovirus

MOT: Sexual contact, needlestick

HIV

Maternal manifestations:
Variable presentation depending on CD4+ cell count

HIV

MOT: Skin or mucous membrane contact

Herpes simplex virus-2

Maternal manifestations:
Usually asymptomatic; herpetic (vesicular) lesions

Herpes simplex virus-2

MOT: Sexual contact

Syphilis

Maternal manifestations:
Chancre (1º) and disseminated rash (2°) are the two stages likely to result in fetal infection

Syphilis

Neonatal manifestations: Blue muffin rash

Toxoplasma gondii,Rubella, Cytomegalovirus

Neonatal manifestations:
Classic triad: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications, +/-"blueberry muffin" rash

Toxoplasma gondii

Neonatal manifestations:
Classic triad: abnormalities of eye (cataracts BI) and ear (deafness) and congenital heart disease (PDA); +/-"blueberry muffin" rash.

Mnemonic: "I (eye) ❤ ruby (rubella) earrings"

Rubella

Neonatal manifestations:
Hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, "blueberry muffin" rash,chorioretinitis, periventricular calcifications

Cytomegalovirus

Neonatal manifestations:

Recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea

HIV

Neonatal manifestations:
Meningoencephalitis, herpetic (vesicular) lesions

Herpes simplex virus-2

Neonatal manifestations:
Often results in stillbirth, hydrops fetalis; if child survives, presents with facial abnormalities (eg, notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla), saber shins, CN VIII deafness

Syphillis