Anatomy Cadaver Notes 2

Trochlea

Humerus bony landmark- articulates with radial notch of ulna to create humoroulnar joint

Flexion and extension

Capitellum (capitulum)

Humerus bony landmark- articulates radial head of radius to create humeralradial joint

Flexion and extension, pronation and supination

Lateral Epicondyle

Musculature: Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Ligament: Radial collateral ligament

TENNIS ELBOW

Medial Epicondyle

Musculature: Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Palmaris longus

Ligament: ulnar collateral ligament

Nerve: Ulnar nerve passes directly behind through the cubital tunnel

Olecranon process

Forms pointed tip of elbow, proximal end of ulna

Front surface wraps around trochlea of humerus

Olecranon fossa

distal end of humerus, where olecranon process locks into place to provide stability

Ulnar styloid

bony projection on the pinky side of wrist

ulnar collateral ligament and radioulnar ligaments attach

Pronation and supination

Elevation Prime Movers

Upper trapezius

Levator Scapulae

Depression Prime Movers

Lower trapezius

Latissimus Dorsi

Retraction Prime Movers

Middle trapezius

Rhomboids

Protraction Prime Mover

Serratus anterior

Scapulothoracic joint (ST)

Gliding: elevation, depression, abduction, adduction

Rotation: internal, external, upward, downward

Scapular plane

Sternoclavicular joint (SC)

Saddle or Ball and Socket, triaxial

Only direct bony attachment of shoulder complex to axial skeleton

Movements: elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, posterior and anterior rotation

Acromioclavicular joint (AC)

Gliding, biaxial

Anterior/posterior and superior/inferior gliding, movement occurs synchronously and in proportion to the ST and SC

Extrinsic Flexors

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Palmaris longus

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

Extrinsic flexors are innervated by

the median nerve innervates extrinsic flexors

Extrinsic extensors are innervated by

the radial nerve innervates extensors and the triceps brachii

Extrinsic Extensors

• Extensor carpi radialis longus

•   Extensor carpi radialis brevis

• Extensor carpi ulnaris

• Extensor digitorum

•   Extensor indicis

•    Extensor digiti minimi

•   Abductor pollicis longus

•   Extensor pollicis brevis

•   Extensor pollicis longus

Thumb extensor

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Extensor pollicis longus

Intrinsic hand

adductor pollicis

Extensor Retinaculum

Horizontal band of connective tissue at base of wrist that separates tendons into 6 compartments

Holds extensors in place

Flexor Retinaculum

Band of connective tissue that bridges the gap between the carpal bones in the wrist, forming the roof of the carpal tunnel****

holds median nerve and flexor tendons in place

Biceps Brachii

Flexor of Elbow

Rotator of Elbow

Flexor of shoulder

What innervates the biceps brachii?

Musculotaneus nerve

Brachialis

Flexor of elbow/forearm

What innervates the brachialis?

Musculotaneus

Brachioradialis

Flexor of elbow/forearm

Innervated by radial nerve

Triceps brachii

Extensor of elbow/forearm

innervated by radial nerve

What innervates the triceps brachii?

Radial nerve

Anconeus

Extensor of elbow/forearm

Pronator teres

Elbow rotator for pronation

Assists in elbow flexion

Median nerve

What nerve innervates the pronator teres

The median nerve innervates the pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

Rotator of forearm to pronate

square shaped muscle

Supinator

Rotator of forearm to supinate

Supinator is innervated by

the supinator is innervated by radial nerve

Pronator quadratus is innervated by

branch of median nerve- anterior interosseous nerve

Brachioradialis is innervated by

the brachioradialis is innervated by the radial nerve

Ulnar nerve innervates the

flexor carpi ulnaris, medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

Bicipital aponeurosis

Within cubital fossa

Protects median nerve

Forearm supination

Cubital tunnel

Ulnar nerve passes through at elbow

Carpal tunnel

Median nerve passes through at wrist

Axillary nerve innervates

Teres minor and deltoid

Musculotaneous innervates the

brachialis, biceps brachii, and coracobrachialis

Axioscapular muscles

Trapezius

Levator scapulae

Rhomboids

Serrator anterior

Pectoralis minor

What can cause scapular winging

weak serratus anterior long thoracic nerve innervation

Scapulohumeral Muscles

Rotator cuff

Deltoid

Teres major

Coracobrachialis

Rotator cuff

Subscapularis

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Supraspinatus

Anterior deltoid

Prime mover for shoulder flexion, horizontal adduction, internal rotation

Middle deltoid

Prime mover for shoulder abduction

Posterior deltoid

prime mover for shoulder extension, horizontal abduction, and external rotation

Shoulder flexion

Anterior deltoid

Coracobrachialis

Pectoralis major

Biceps brachii (both heads)

Shoulder Extension

Latissimus dorsi

Teres major

Posterior deltoid

Shoulder abduction

Supraspinatus

Middle deltoid

Adduction

Pectoralis major

Teres major

Latissimus dorsi

Shoulder Horizontal abduction

posterior deltoid

teres minor

infraspinatus

Shoulder horizontal adduction

Pectoralis major

middle deltoid

Shoulder external rotation

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

Posterior deltoid

Shoulder internal rotation

Subscapularis

Teres major

Latissimus dorsi

Pectoralis major

Anterior deltoid