7th Grade Unit 5 DNA & Mutations

What best describes a DNA molecule?

double helix

Why is DNA important

It serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things

What organelle is DNA usually found in?

Nucleus

What are the 4 nitrogen bases?

adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine

What bonds with guanine

cytosine

What are inherited traits?

Traits that are passed from generation to generation.

______ carries information for the inherited traits

DNA

What will be the matching sequence be on a strand that reads AAGCTAT

TTCGATA

What two scientists are accredited with correctly making a model of DNA?

Watson and Crick

What is mutation

The change in the sequence of DNA

What pairs with adenine?

Thymine

Put these structures in order from largest to smallest, Gene-Cell-Nucleus- DNA- Chromosome

Cell, Nucleus, Chromosome, gene DNA

Who were some of the scientists we learned about? How did they add to our understanding of DNA? (Hint: There are 3 in total)?

Rosalind Franklin used an x-ray crystallography and captured the first image of an DNA; James Watson and Francis Crick used the image to create the first accurate model of DNA.

What do genes do?

They control the production of proteins

How many chromosomes do humans have?

46 chromosomes, (23 pairs).

What is a mutation?

The change in DNA.

What are genetic disorders

It is when a mutation affects your genes or when you have the wrong amount of genetic material.

What are the 3 types of mutations?

Insertion-extra bases added, deletion- 1 or more bases deleted, substitution-the wrong bases paired up

What do helpful mutations do

They cause new proteins that can help the organism adapt better to change. For example, it can cause DDT resistance in insects that help keep bugs alive who are trying to survive on pesticide-laden crops.

Name 2 genetic disorders we discussed in class

Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle Cell Anemia.

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid