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Magma
is molten rock beneath the earths surface- underground melt.
Water vapor
(h2o) is the most abundant volcanic gas.
Peridotite
is an intrusive ultramafic igneous rock found in the mantle.
geothermal gradient
The is when temperatures in the upper crust increase about 25 degrees C per km.
Obsidian
is an extrusive igneous rock- no crystals.
Lava
is molten rock that has flowed out onto the earths surface.
Earths crust
and mantle are primarily composed of solid rock.
Granite
is an intrusive igneous rock.
Decompression
- melting due to a decrease in pressure.
melt forms
A(n) when solid materials become hot and transform into liquid.
Addition of heat induces
melting if temperature exceeds melting temperature.
Molten rock
is a type of melt.
Igneous rocks
are made by the freezing or crystallization of a melt.
Basaltic magma
heats the crust.
Gases volatiles
give magmas their explosive character.
Lesser amounts of magma
is produced at subduction zones (convergent plate boundaries involving the subduction of oceanic crust)
Igneous rocks
can either form below the surface or on the surface.
Magma
is generated in the uppermost mantle.
Igneous rocks
form through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
magma is molten rock beneath the earths surface
underground melt
obsidian
sharpest thing on the planet
obsidian is an extrusive igneous rock
no crystals
decompression melting
rapid decrease in pressure can cause the mantle to melt, even without an increase temperature (mid ocean ridges, continental rifts, mantle plumes/hot spots
addition of volatiles
volatiles are chemical compounds that lower the melting temperature of the rock (subduction zones)
addition of heat
induces melting if temperature exceeds melting temperature (mantle plumes/hot spots
decompression melting
if the pressure affecting hot mantle rock decreases while the temperature remains unchanged, magma forms
Decompression
melting due to a decrease in pressure
Three environments where decompression melting occurs
mantle plume/hot spot, continental rift, mid-ocean ridge