arch history 2

just "when" - ballpark; "you have to know when" - exact year

what, where, whats important, tell me abt the shiny doors

baptistery of florence, romanesque building

next to the florence cathedral (brunelleschi’s dome)

the bronze doors // gates of paradise (by ghiberti) - that started the renaissance

renaissance: yrs, how it started, where

1425 - 1525

when ghiberti won the competition to complete the gates of the baptistry in florence

started in italia

whats the connection between classical and renaissance, what is each thing one

classical - greek and roman architecture and art

renaissance - inspired by classical, uses the same elemets in different ways, stricter grids and such

renaissance characteristics

symmetry, proportion, geometry, regularity of parts

regular grid, pilasters, lesenes, lintels, semicircular arches, domes

arranging the parts of classical architecture in a particular grid

regularity of parts

the buildings should follow a strict even grid

the rules that renaissance followed (the book); what came from them following it

vitruvius' de architectura // ten books on architecture

that’s why there are so many beautiful buildings being built in this period, because they all had to follow certain rules (vitruvius’)

e.g. corinthian columns’ width-to-height ratio had to always be about 1:9

so architects could only build with specific regulated elements → protecting from the chaos we see in modern architecture

the ideal city (painting)

here the regularity of parts required in renaissance buildings is perfectly shown

while the gothic period had a lot of technological advancements (flying buttresses, rib vaults etc), what made the renaissance different

the renaissance was more of a stylistic breakthrough, inspired by the classical period, specifically roman ruins

first and most important architect of the renaissance

filippo brunelleschi

1377 - 1466

extra info: he used to be a goldsmith before his proposal for the florence cathedral, not an architect

what, when

the dome of the florence cathedal

1436

scaffolding

скеле

drum, the cathedral was completed to the drum before the dome was added

who invented linear perspective

filippo brunelleschi

what’s the biggest defining characteristic of renaissance art

the use of perspective

the egg story around the dome and filippo brunelleschi

brunelleschi won the commission for the dome by challenging rival architects to make an egg stand upright on a flat marble slab, and when they all failed, he simply cracked the bottom of the egg and set it upright, showing that his unique, seemingly impossible solution (like his dome design) would work if only he were allowed to demonstrate it rather than explain it beforehand

who was the original architect of the florence cathedral

arnolfo di cambio

who painted the dome and what did he write

georgio vasari

wrote “the lives”, talking abt the lives of the most excellent painters, sculptors, and architects before his time

in 1550

what’s high renaissance

high renaissance is the last buildings of the renaissance that look almost like medieval buildings, easily confused with classical, but still following the rules of the renaissance

difference between lesene and a pilaster

lesene - no base and no caital

pilaster - a 2d column

what’s this element called

roundel // medallion

ospedale degli innocenti // foundling hospital // hospital of innocents

by brunelleschi

what, where, by who, when

basilica of st lorenzo

in the san lorenzo complex

by brunelleschi

1419 - 1480

the old sacristy, part of the san lorenzo complex

by brunelleschi

pazzi chapel, next to santa croce

1430 - 1444

by brunelleschi

basilica of santo spirito

1436 - 1466

last work by brunelleschi

leon battista alberti, what ‘d he write

de re aedificatoria

1452

what does de re aedificatoria mean; what does the book stand for

italian: the art of building

utility, strength, beauty

what, where, when, by who, inspired by what roman thing

sant’andrea in mantua, italy

1471

most famous work by alberti

inspired by a triumphal arch

greek and latin cross plans

what, when, by who, how can u guess it’s renaissance

san sebastiano in mantua

1460

alberti

double staircase, round arches, and sort-of grid layot → renaissance

what city, by who, when (u gota the yr here fs), what does it represent

pienza

city by pope pius II

1459

first application of humanist urban planning concepts

humanist urban planning concept

if we build perfefct cities (based on proportions, right angles, straight lines) then those cities will produce better people

mullion, separates the bifora window

what, where, by who, inspired by, whats on the side

tempio malatestiano in rimini

by alberti

inspired by the arch of augustus in rimini

there are sarcophagi in the arches on the side

what, who made the facade, when

the facade of santa maria novella by alberti in 1470

who made this element, hows it called

alberti completely invented the scrolls on the sides

what, by who, when, what kind of building, inspired by what

palazzo rucellai by alberti

1451

secular building

inspired by the colosseum (the engaged columns in diff styles… then pilasters… cool)

cornice

what, when, who ordered it from who, who bought it

palazzo medici-riccardi

1444

comissioned by the medici to michelozzo

then sold to riccardi

corbel, used under balconies to symbolise that the balcony is carrying something

one of the typical classical elements that then renaissance plays with

what, by who

kneeling window

invented by michelangelo

the corbel under the window isn’t carrying anything, so it isn’t really following vitruvius’ rules

renaissance is playing with different elements, rearranging the same elements in different ways

who made the facade of the palazzo medici-riccardi, what’s specific abt it

michelangelo

the kneeling windows

what, what is it now, when, by who, with what

palazzo pitti

now a museum

1458 - 1631

by bartolomeo ammannati

with the boboli gardens

whats this element called

gibbs surround

stone, empty, stone, empty

rustication

technique where stone blocks are cut with rough, textured, or deeply recessed edges/surfaces (instead of smooth and flat) to make a building's exterior look bold, heavy, and fortress like

filarente

urban planner

sforzinda

filarente was comissioned by the sfonza family in milan to build an idea city, called sforzina

→ it never happened

in which period did donato bramente work

high renaissance

what, when, by who

santa maria presso san satiro

1486

by bramente

trompe-l'œil

means deceiving eye

a painting at the end of a hall that was a very good perspective drawing, creating the illusion that the hallway keeps on going

what, what was built by bramante

santa maria delle grazie in milan

bramante built the wedding-cake-looking portion in 1498

what, where, when, by who

tempietto in rome 1502

by bramante

the first building of high renaissance

who made the parking of the vatican and how is it called

bramante

cortile del belvedere

bramante also made the first plan of

st peter’s basilica

his plan didn’t make it, but he still worked on the basilica

what, when, by who, where

palazzo dei diamanti

1493

biagio rosetti

in ferrara, italy

what, by who, when

villa medici a poggio caiano

by giuliano da sangallo

1480

when did baldassare peruzzi operate

end of high renaissance to the beginning of manerism

what, when, by who, where

villa farnesina

1506 - 1510

peruzzi

rome

what, where, by who

the triumph of galatea

in vial farnesina

by raphael

the only allegorical painting by him

what, who made it, in what style

the facade of palazzo massimo alle colonne

by peruzzi

in manerism

tell me a little abt these frame-looking things around the windows

peruzzi invented them

part of manerism

what ended the renaissance and when

the sack of rome (1527)

who’s buried in the pantheon, name as many as possible

peruzzi

raphael

victor emanuel II - first king of italy

→ his son, umberto I

annibale carracci

michelangelo buonarroti: when, whatd he do, which styles did he work in

1475 - 1564

architect, sculptor, painter → best in the business of all three

mostly renaissance, bit of manerism

whats the names of these sculptures

day, night, dusk, dawn

what do u know abt the new sacristy

the sargestia nuova by michelangelo buonarroti

part of the san lorenzo complex

two medici tombs inside (giuliano and lorenzo)

the sculptures on their sarcophagi: day, night, dusk, dawn

1520 - 1533

what, where, when, by who, whos the guy in the middle

campidoglio hill // capitoline hill

the rome square

1536 - 1546

michelangelo buonarroti

marcus aurelius

whats interesting abt this statue on the capitoline hill

it’s made of bronze, very rarely did bronze statues survive the middle ages without being melted down for money

what are these columns called

giant order // colossal order

more than one floor

what, when, some history

st peter’s basilica

1506 - 1626

first plan by bramante

most famous work by michelangelo buonarroti, he started working on this in 1546

the facade and the extended nave are carlo maderno, built in 1626

starts as a renaissance church, but finishes as a baroque

pope julius II nickname, and why

the renaissance pope

he comissioned st. peter’s basilica, the sistine chapel etc

manerism: when, what

between high renaissance and baroque

1525 - 1575

unexpected elements that challenge renaissance norms

first manerist

michelangelo buonarroti

triglyph

what, where, what style, by who, years

palazzo te in mantua, italy

best example of manerism

by giulio romano

1524 - 1534

how does palazzo te portray manerism

not a straight line with the triglyphs

the keynote interrupts and goes in the pediment

the three architects of manerism

giulio romano

baldassare peruzzi

michelangelo buonarroti

corner detail of the laurentian library

by michelangelo buonarroti

what, where, when, whose is the facade, style, public opinion

biblioteca marciana in venice

1537 - 1588

jacopo sansovino

renaissance

according to andrea palladino, this was the best building since antiquity

andrea palladio

super famous architect

worked in venice, padua, and vicenza

how did palladio’s work evolve

gradual classicising

what did palladio write and when

four books on architecture, 1570

what, when, by who

villa godi

begun 1537

by palladio

la malcontenta (the disconnected) // villa foscari

what, where, when

villa pisani

in bagnolo

1542

what, when, who

villa cornaro

begun 1553

by palladio

villa rotonda

plan and section

what, by who, where, when

villa rotonda

by palladio

in vicenza

1566

what, by who, when, where

villa barbaro // villa maser

by palladio

1560

maser, italy

veronese’s paintings in the hall of olympus of villa barbaro, portraying the actual owners of the house

what, where, when, by who

palazzo chiericatti

in vicenza

1550

by palladio

what, when, by who, where

palazzo del capitaniato

1562 - 1572

by palladio

in vicenza, italy

what, by who, when, where

san giorgio maggiore II

by palladio

1566

venice

il redentore

1577

venice, italy

palladio

hows this element called

palladian window // venetian window

teatro olimpico

1580

vicenza, italy

by palladio

where does the work baroque come from

portuguese: irregular pearl

when was baroque

1575 - 1750

another name for late baroque?

rococo

what does baroque do different than the renaissance

the straight lines and right angles in the renaisssance are changed with deliberately complex facades and depth in the facade is introduced as a defining characteristic of baroque and then of neoclassicism