CDI 350 FINAL!

sonorants

Speech sounds produced with a continuous airflow, including vowels and certain consonants like nasals and liquids.

obstruents

Sounds that obstruct airflow during articulation, such as stops, fricatives, and affricates.

prevocalic

A consonant that occurs before a vowel in a syllable structure, influencing the sound and syllable formation.

postvocalic

A consonant that occurs after a vowel in a syllable structure, affecting the sound and pronunciation of the syllable.

intervocalic

A consonant that occurs between two vowels in a syllable structure, influencing the sound quality and flow of the syllables.

vowels

Speech sounds that are produced without any significant constriction or closure in the vocal tract, allowing for smooth airflow.

consonant

speech sounds produced with constriction or closure in the vocal tract, which can include stops, fricatives, and nasals.

cognates

Words in different languages that have a similar origin, spelling, and meaning, often derived from a common ancestor.

minimal pair

A pair of words that differ by only a single sound, demonstrating a phonemic contrast.

adduction

vocal folds are joined

abduction

vocal folds are separated

exhalation

the process of breathing out, expelling air from the lungs.

trachea

the windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi, allowing air passage to and from the lungs.

diaphragm

a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs that plays a crucial role in respiration by contracting and relaxing to facilitate inhalation and exhalation.

glottis

the opening between the vocal cords in the larynx that controls airflow and sound production during speech.

Bernoulli effect

a principle explaining how airflow can create pressure differences, affecting vocal fold vibration and sound production.

larynx

the organ located in the throat that houses the vocal cords and is essential for phonation.

inhalation

the act of taking air into the lungs, which is essential for voice production and phonation.

lungs

the pair of organs in the chest responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, playing a crucial role in respiration and voice production.

thoracic cavity

the chamber within the rib cage that contains the lungs and heart, playing a vital role in respiration.

arytenoid cartilage

small cartilages in the larynx that help control vocal cord tension and position, essential for sound production.

thyroid cartilage

the largest cartilage in the larynx, commonly known as the Adam's apple, providing structure and support for the vocal cords.

vocal folds

the structures in the larynx that vibrate to produce sound, also known as vocal cords.

hyoid bone

a U-shaped floating bone in the neck that supports the tongue and is involved in swallowing and speech.

tense

i, e, u, o, ɔ, a, ɜ˞

lax

ɪ, ɛ, æ, ʊ, ə, ʌ, ə˞

unrounded

i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ, ɑ, ə, ʌ

rounded

u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ə˞, ɜ˞

Vowel reduction

A phonological process that changes the quality of vowels in unstressed syllables.

Suprasegmental aspects of speech

These are features of speech that go beyond individual speech sounds (phonemes) and apply to entire utterances

citation form

word pronounced carefully as a single item

casual form

the way a word is pronounced in everyday speech, often with less clarity and reduced vowels.