Chapter 1: Canada's Population in a Global Context

Formal demography

The quantitative study of population in terms of growth, distribution, and development /change.

Period perspective

Emphasis on some phenomenon occurring at a given point in time or time interval.

Reclassification

A change in identification by individuals.

Birth cohort

Individuals who are born during a specified time interval and pass through biological and chronological time together.

quantifiable measure of risk

Rate: a dynamic, ________ given exposure to some specific events over some specified interval.

Accession

Gains through births and immigration.

Attrition

Losses through deaths and emigration.

Demographers

Those who study population dynamics.

Intensity

The number of persons involved.

Processes

Process of imitation + action of the mass media.

Multistate classification

Intersection of statuses.

Census

A tool allowing to count the number of persons present in a given area at a specified time.

Demographic metabolism

A continuing process of societal renewal through the fundamental demographic processes of birth, death, and in- and out- migration.

Geometric Exponential models

Assume that growth follows a non- linear trend over time.

Population studies

Interplay between demography and other disciplines.

Linear model

Assumes a straight- line progression of change over time.

Temporal continuity

People living today are descendants of many earlier generations.

Static analysis

Focus on demographic conditions at a fixed point in time.

Logistic model

Assumes that a human population undergoing prolonged exponential growth will eventually experience insupportable levels of population density, which will impose strains on resources and the environment; and under such conditions, society would be compelled to implement measures to curtail growth or face increased rates of mortality.

Dynamic analysis

Study the change in demographic conditions over a period of time.

Population

A collectivity of people co-existing within a prescribed geographic territory at a given point in time.

Net migration

The net difference between the number of incoming and outgoing migrants)

Biological aging

Passage through life from birth to death.

Demography

The scientific study of population and how population is affected by births, deaths, and migration.

The population problem

overpopulation

Highly developed countries

trouble = below-replacement birth rate + low population growth

Developing countries

decline in population growth

Least developed countries

high growth rates → aggravates poverty, unemployment, slow economic development

Demographers

those who study population dynamics

Highly industrialized countries

below-replacement fertility rate

Canada

urban expansion

Population

a collectivity of people co-existing within a prescribed geographic territory at a given point in time

Temporal continuity

people living today are descendants of many earlier generations

Census

a tool allowing to count the number of persons present in a given area at a specified time

Attrition

losses through deaths and emigration

Accession

gains through births and immigration

Demography

the scientific study of population and how population is affected by births, deaths, and migration

Formal demography

the quantitative study of population in terms of growth, distribution, and development/change

Population studies

interplay between demography and other disciplines

Static analysis

focus on demographic conditions at a fixed point in time

Dynamic analysis

study the change in demographic conditions over a period of time

Process variables

variables that reflect human behavioral processes (fertility, mortality, migration)

Net migration

the net difference between the number of incoming and outgoing migrants)

Linear model

assumes a straight-line progression of change over time

Geometric/Exponential models

assume that growth follows a non-linear trend over time

Geometric model

growth occurs at discrete time points, such as the end of each year

Exponential model

assumes continuous compounding at discrete time points

Logistic model

assumes that a human population undergoing prolonged exponential growth will eventually experience insupportable levels of population density, which will impose strains on resources and the environment; and under such conditions, society would be compelled to implement measures to curtail growth or face increased rates of mortality

Compositional change

change in the distribution of key population characteristics (age, sex, marital status, education, occupation)

Age-sex pyramid

a graphic representation of the distribution of the population in terms of age and sex

Multistate classification

intersection of statuses

State transitions

moving in and out of statuses

Rate

a dynamic, quantifiable measure of risk given exposure to some specific events over some specified interval

Reclassification

a change in identification by individuals

Agents of social change

acts of individuals + changes in population

Processes

process of imitation + action of the mass media

Normative behavior

when a behavior becomes a standard form of behavior

Biological aging

passage through life from birth to death

Chronological aging

passage through biological and calendar time simultaneously

Birth cohort

individuals who are born during a specified time interval and pass through biological and chronological time together

Timing

the age at which these events occur

Intensity

the number of persons involved

Period perspective

emphasis on some phenomenon occurring at a given point in time or time interval

Generation

one generation of parents produces a new generation of children…