Biosphere

Population

The number of organisms of the same species in a specific geographic area capable of interbreeding.

Population Biology

Study of population characteristics and factors influencing their size and distribution.

Birth Rate

Ratio of live-born births to the average total population in a year.

Immigration

Moving into a non-native region to live.

Death Rates (Mortality Rate)

Measure of deaths in a population per unit of time.

Emigration

Leaving one location to live in another.

Overpopulation

State where human population exceeds the ecological carrying capacity.

Adaptation

Process of individuals or populations adjusting to environmental conditions.

Natural Selection

Process where best-suited individuals survive and reproduce successfully.

Speciation

Formation of new species due to isolation or selective pressures.

Ecological Niche

Role a species plays in a biological community.

Habitat

Place where an organism lives.

Competitive Exclusion

One species outcompetes another for resources.

Resource Partitioning

Species alter resource use to coexist.

Predation

Feeding directly on another organism.

Symbiosis

Mutual beneficial relationship between species.

Mutualism

Intimate living together of different species for mutual benefit.

Commensalism

One species benefits without harming the other.

Parasitism

One organism benefits at the expense of another.

Biodiversity

Genetic, species, and ecosystem variety in an environment.

Threats to Biodiversity

Factors like habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, over-exploitation, alien species, and disease.

Abundance

Total number of organisms in a community.

Diversity

Number of different species, niches, or genetic variations.

Productivity

Primary and net primary productivity rates in ecosystems.

Ecological Succession

Process of community development in unoccupied or disrupted areas.