autonomic nervous system

what is the autonomic nervous system

controls involuntary functions

two branches of the autonomic nervous system

sympathetic and parasympathetic

importance of autonomic nervous system for pharmcotherapy

the ANS is targeted by drugs to treat certain condition

which of these systems behave like an "on-off switch"

none of the above

which statement is most accurate about the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

some organs are only innervated by one of these

synapse

the space that is between the end of a nerve cell and another cell

neuroeffector junction

connection between a neuron and a target cell, this is where the neuron releases a neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter

chemical messenger that nerve cells release

parasympathetic nervous system neuroeffector junction locations

cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, nerve terminals

sympathetic nervous system neuroeffector junction locations

-sweat glands

-cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, nerve terminals

-renal vascular smooth muscle

preganglionic nerve fibers in the sympathetic nervous system are _____ and the postganglionic are ____

short, long

preganglionic nerve fibers in the parasympathetic nervous system are _____ and the postganglionic are _____

long, short

examples of cholinoceptors

muscarinic 1-5 and nicotinic N/M

examples of adrenoceptors

alpha 1-2 and beta 1-3

typical locations of M1 receptors

CNS neurons, sympathetic postganaglionic neurons, some presynaptic site

typical locations of M2 receptors

myocardium, smooth muscle, some presynaptic sites, CNS neurons

typical locations of M3 receptors

exocrine glands, vessels (smooth muscle and endothelium), CNS neurons

typical locations of M4 receptors

CNS neurons, possibly vagal nerve endings

typical locations of M5 receptors

postganglionic neurons, some presynaptic cholinergic terminals, pentameric receptors typically contain alpha and beta subunits

typical location of N^N receptors

postganglionic neurons, some presynaptic cholinergic terminals, pentameric receptors typically contain alpha and beta subunits only

typical location of N^M receptors

skeletal muscle neuromuscular end plates, pentameric receptors typically contain two alpha and beta subunits in addition to gamma and delta subunits

typical location of alpha 1 receptors

postsynaptic effector cells, especially smooth muscle

typical location of alpha 2 receptors

presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminals, platelets, lipocytes, smooth muscle

typical location of beta 1 receptors

postsynaptic effector cells, especially heart, lipocytes, brain, presynaptic adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals, juxtaglomerular apparatus of renal tubules

typical location of beta 2 receptors

postsynaptic effector cells, especially smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

typical location of beta 3 receptors

post synaptic effect cells, especially lipocytes, heart

what drugs affect the transmission process of alpha 1 adrenoceptor agonist

phenylephrine

what drugs affect the transmission process of alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist

clonidine

what drugs affect the transmission process of beta 1 adrenoceptor agonist

dobutamine

what drugs affect the transmission process of muscarinic receptor agonist

bethanechol

what drugs affect the transmission process of muscarinic receptor antagonist

atropine, ipratropium, scopolamine, tropicamide

what effect does ACh have

its impact is dependent on the present receptor subtype

what type of receptor involves ACh

cholinergic

muscarinic receptors are typically in the parasympathetic nervous systems, what are the two locations of muscarinic receptors in the sympathetic system

skeletal muscle vessels and eccrine sweat glands

what type of receptors involve epinephrine and norepinephrine

adrenergic

what is cotransmission

release of a substance with the neurotransmitter

what does activation at the M3 receptor on skeletal muscle vessels do in the sympathetic nervous system

relaxes the skeletal muscle vessels

what happens when ACh binds to the M2 receptor in the heart

decreases heart rate