chapter 12 EYES, NOT from word parts

amblyopia

reduced vision in one eye caused by disuse or misuse associated with strabismus. (lazy eye)

anisometropia

significant unequal refractive error between two eyes

astigmatism (Ast)

blurred vision caused by irregular curvature of the cornea or lens.

cataract

clouding of the lens of the eyes.

chalazion

noninfected obstruction of an oil glad of the eyelid (also called meibomian)

drusen

yellowish deposits located under the retina; commonly associated with aging and macular degeneration

glaucoma

eye disorder characterized by increase of intraocular pressure (IOP). If left untreated may progress to optic nerve damage and visual impairment loss.

hyperopia

farsightedness

hyphema (also called hyphemia)

hemorrhage within the anterior chamber of the eye; most often caused by blunt trauma

macular degeneration

progressive deterioration of the portion of the retina called the macula, resulting in loss of central vision. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal blindness in persons older than 65 years.

myopia

nearsightedness

nyctalopia

poor vision at night or in faint light (also called night blindness)

nystagmus

involuntary, jerking movements of the eyes

pinguecula

noncancerous growth on the conjunctiva. yellowish mass on the conjunctiva that may be related to long-term exposure to ultraviolet light, dry climates, and dust.

presbyopia

impaired vision as a result of aging.

pterygium

thin tissue growing onto the cornea from the conjunctiva, usually caused by sun exposure.

retinal detachment

separation of the retina from the choroid in the posterior portion of the eye, resulting in a disruption of vision that may be permanent if treatment is delayed.

retinitis pigmentosa

hereditary, progressive disease marked by night blindness with atrophy and retinal pigment changes

strabismus

condition in which the eyes look in different directions (cross eyed)

sty (also called sty or hordeolum)

infection of an oil gland of the eyelid

optical coherence tomography (OCT)

noninvasive test that uses light waves to take cross-sectional images of the retina. Used to detect conditions.

slit lamp

horizontally mounted binocular microscope that uses a very narrow vertical beam of light to examine the eye in great detail. Useful for viewing the conjunctiva, cornea, lens, and vitreous tumor.

emmetropia (Em)

normal refractive condition of the eye

visual acuity (VA)

sharpness of vision for either distance or near

optician

specialist who fills prescriptions for lenses (cannot describe lenses)

optometrist

health professional who diagnoses, treats, and manages diseases and disorders of the eyes and visual processing system; doctor of optometry (OD)

intraocular lens (IOL)

artificial lens implanted within the eye during cataract surgery.

miotic

agent that constricts the pupil

mydriatic

agent that dilates the pupil

Ophth

ophtamology

enucleation

surgical removal of the eyeball.

LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis)

laser procedure that reshapes the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea to correct astigmatism, hyperopia, and mytopia.

PHACO (phacoemulsification)

method to remove cataracts in which an ultrasonic needle probe breaks up the lens, which is then aspirated

PRK (photorefractive keratectomy)

procedure for the treatment of astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia, in which a laser is used to reshape (flatten) the corneal surface by removing a portion of the cornea.

retinal photocoagulation

intense beam of light from a laser condenses retinal tissue to seal leaking blood vessels, to destroy abnormal tissue or lesions, or to bond the retina to the back of the eye. Used to treat retinal tears etc…

scleral buckling

procedure to repair retinal detachment in which a piece of silicone is applied to the abnormal part of the sclera.

trabeculectomy

surgical creation of an opening that allows aqueous humor to drain out the eye to underneath the conjunctiva where it is absorbed.

vitrectomy

surgical removal of all or part of the vitreous humor