A monotheistic religion that began in the 7th century C.E. after Judaism and Christianity, but is different because it focuses on the prophet Muhammad and his teachings.
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Muslim
A person who submits to God and follows the teachings of Muhammad.
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Muhammad
The prophet of the religion of Islam; believed to have the final revelation or message from God.
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Mecca
The town where Muhammad was said to have first received a message from God.
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Medina
The city that Muhammad fled to, spreading the word of his messages from God.
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Arabic
The language of Muhammad that unified the area; still spoken today in many parts of the Middle East and Africa.
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Nomads
People who wander from place to place.
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Hajj (Pilgrimage)
A religious journey to the Kaaba, that all Muslims are expected to make at least once in their lifetime.
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Quran/ Koran
The holy book of Islam, which contains the messages or revelations from God that were told to Muhammad.
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Five Pillars of Islam
Practices that all Muslims must follow in order to reach salvation:
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Mosque
Muslim house of worship.
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Caliph
Muslim ruler, who rules through the law of the Quran.
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Sunni Muslim
Muslims who believe that you do not need to be a descendant of Muhammad to be a leader (caliph).
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Shiite Muslim
Muslims who believe that a person must be a descendant of Muhammad to be a leader (caliph).
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Souk
A marketplace or bazaar in the Islamic world.
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Oasis
A fertile place in a desert where there is water and vegetation.
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Sunnah
Refers to the way Muhammad lived, which provides a model for the duties and the way of life expected of Muslims.
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Jihad
A "holy struggle" or "holy war" by a Muslim for a moral, spiritual or political goal.
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Abu Bakr
First caliph of Islam after the death of Muhammad.
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Hijra
The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam.