Music Theory Chapter

anticipation

approached by step and stay same. basically note of second chord played early

neighboring tone

approached by step and returns to original state, lower neighbors when it goes lower

passing tone

approached by step then continues by step in same direction, looks like scale

half cadence

anything to V, last chord is V, iv6 in minor

plagal cadence

IV to I, hallelujah chorus ending

imperfect authentic cadence

V to I, can have inversions in either, last chord may not have tonic in highest and lowest, vii diminished can substitute V

perfect authentic cadence

V to I, no inversions on either, tonic in bass and highest note of last chord, no chord substitutions

deceptive cadence

V to vi (to minor)

changing tones/double neighboring tones/a neighbor group

two non harmonic tones in succession- 1st tone approached by step, then skips in opposite direction, then resolves by step

escape tone

approached by step and skips in opposite direction

retardation

keeps note same then goes up step

suspension

keeps note the same then steps downward-accented

appoggiatura

approached by skip and steps in opposite direction, accented bc there are in second chord