B4. AB Disorders and Symptoms

Dimensions

extreme versions of otherwise typical personality variations

Categories

ways of relating that are different from psychologically healthy behavior

Paranoid

Distrust and suspiciousness, believes others will harm or deceive them

Schizoid

Detachment from social relationships; restricted emotional expression

Schizotypal

Odd beliefs, magical thinking, eccentric behavior; social anxiety

Antisocial

Disregard for others' rights; deceitful, impulsive, aggressive; must have conduct disorder before age 15

Borderline

Instability in self

Histrionic

Excessive emotionality and attention

Narcissistic

Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy

Avoidant

Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitive to criticism; wants connection but fears rejection

Dependent

Excessive need to be cared for; submissive and clingy behavior, fears of separation

OCPD

Preoccupation with order, perfection, control; inflexible and rigid

Sadistic Personality Disorder

includes people who receive pleasure by inflicting pain on others

Passive

Aggressive Personality Disorder

Paranoid Personality Disorder

pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others' motives are interpreted as malevolent

Schizoid Personality Disorder

pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

Ideas Of Reference

mistaken beliefs that meaningless events relate just to them

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior

Antisocial Personality Disorder

pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of other

Robert Hare

a pioneer in the study of people with psychopathy

Manie Sans Délire

describe people with unusual emotional responses and impulsive rages but no deficits in reasoning ability

Borderline Personality Disorder

pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self

Histrionic Personality Disorder

pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

Impressionistic

cognitive style characterized by a tendency to view situations in global, black

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

Narcissus

youth who spurned the love of Echo, so enamored was he of his own beauty

Grandiosity

exaggerated feelings and their fantasies of greatness

Avoidant Personality Disorder

pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

Asocial

apathetic, affectively flat, and relatively uninterested in interpersonal relationships

APD

interpersonally anxious and fearful of rejection

Dependent Personality Disorder

pattern of submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of

Obsessive

Compulsive Personality Disorder

Hallucinations

involuntary vivid and clear perception

Auditory Hallucinations

involves hearing things that don't exist

Visual Hallucinations

involve distortions of what one sees or visions of things that aren't there

Tactile Hallucinations

involve physical sensations on or within the body

Olfactory Hallucinations

involve smelling something that is not there

Gustatory Hallucinations

involve false taste perceptions

Hypnopompic Hallucinations

occur while waking up

Hypnagogic Hallucinations

occur while falling asleep

Delusions

fixed beliefs not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence

Delirium

causes confused thinking and a lack of awareness of surroundings

Delusions of Grandeur

belief that you are superior to other people

Delusions of Reference

thinking insignificant events relate directly to you

Thought Broadcasting

belief that others know your thoughts

Thought Insertion

belief that ideas are implanted on your mind

Thought Withdrawal

belief that thoughts are being removed / stolen from your mind

Persecutory Delusions

belief that someone or something is "out to get you"

Fregoli's Syndrome

belief that a stranger is a familiar person who changes their appearance or is in disguise

Capgras' Syndrome

belief that familiar people have been replaced by imposters

Jealous Delusions

belief that that your partner is unfaithful

Othello's Syndrome

pathological and morbid jealousy

Somatic Delusions

belief that something is wrong with your body

Erotomanic Delusions

belief that someone, typically higher in status, is in love with you

Nihilistic Delusions

belief that something or someone no longer exists

Cotard's Syndrome

belief that the body is dead or decaying

Positive Symptoms (Type 1)

additional behaviors not generally seen in people without the condition

Bizarre Behavior

problems in performing directed daily activities; catatonia

Ambivalence

having conflicting reactions, beliefs, or feelings

Abnormal Thought Form

distortions/ disturbance in thought processes

Negative Symptoms (Type 2)

indicate the absence or insufficiency of normal behavior

Alogia

lack of logic/poverty of speech / relative absence of speech

Affective Flattening

lack of range in emotional reactions

Flat/Blunted Affect

lack of emotion where you normally expect them to; flat and toneless

Anhedonia

lack of pleasure

Attention Impairment

lack of concentration

Avolition

lack of motivation

Apathy

lack of reaction to stimuli

Asocial Behavior

lack of interpersonal relationships

Anergia

lack of energy

Disorganized Thinking (Speech)

distortion in thinking observed through speech

Derailment / Loose Associations

switching from one topic to another

Tangentiality

answering questions that are unrelated or obliquely related

Incoherence

word salad, resembles receptive aphasia in its linguistic disorganization

Echolalia

repetition of words spoken by another person

Palilalia

repetition of words / syllables

Verbigeration

repetition of last spoken part of a sentence

Coprolalia

use of obscene/ inappropriate words

Clang Association

use of rhyming words

Grossly Disorganized or Abnormal Motor Behavior

movement that ranges from childlike "silliness" to unpredictable agitation

Catatonic Behavior

marked decrease in reactivity to the environment

Negativism

resistance to instructions

Catatonic Excitement

purposeless and excessive motor activity without obvious cause

Catalepsy

assuming different positions

Stupor

lack of movement for a long period of time

Stereotypy

repetition of purposeless movement

Inappropriate Affect

exhibit bizarre behaviors such as hoarding objects or acting in unusual ways in public

Paranoid

delusions of grandeur or persecution

Disorganized

hebephrenic; silly and immature emotionality

Catatonic

alternate immobility and excited agitation

Delusional Disorder

at least 1 month of delusion(s) but no other prominent psychotic symptoms

Folie à Deux

condition in which an individual develops delusions simply as a result of a close relationship with a delusional individual

Erotomanic

irrational belief that one is loved by another person, usually of higher status

Grandiose

believing in one's inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity, or special relationship to a deity or famous person

Jealous

believes the sexual partner is unfaithful

Persecutory

believing oneself (or someone close) is being malevolently treated in some way

Somatic

person feels afflicted by a physical defect or general medical condition

Substance

Induced Psychotic Disorder

Psychotic Disorder Associated with Another Medical Condition

commonly affects those with brain tumors, Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's disease

Erotomanic Type

Applies when the central theme of the delusion is that another person is in love with the individual