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Martin Mulligan
Author of An Introduction to Sustainability. He is the Director of RMIT University's Globalism Research Centre. He teaches and writes introductory courses on sustainability. Has a PhD in development studies, focusing on environment and development in Latin America. His research has focused on challenges facing local communities in Australia and Sri Lanka.
Jean Hillier
Head of the Sustainability and Urban Planning teaching team at RMIT University. She invited Martin Mulligan to assume responsibility for an introductory course on sustainability.
Gro Harlem Brundtland
Norwegian Prime Minister (1981, 1986-89, and 1990-96). Headed the United Nations Commission that produced the Brundtland Report.
Rachel Carson
(1907-1964) US marine biologist, conservationist and science writer. Author of Silent Spring (1962), which highlighted the dangers of pesticides and is credited with sparking the modern environmental movement.
Kenneth Boulding
Economist, educator and peace activist. Famous for his concept of "Spaceship Earth" that came out in his book Spaceship Earth (1966).
Henry David Thoreau
US essayist, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, and historian. Leading transcendentalist. Created an enduring body of work on the joys of reconnecting with nature.
Thomas Malthus
English cleric and scholar, influential in political economy and demography. Famously wrote "An Essay on the Principle of Population" (1798), arguing that population growth would inevitably outstrip food supply, leading to famine and misery.
Aurelio Peccei
Italian industrialist and philanthropist, founder of the Club of Rome.
Donella Meadows
One of the lead authors of The Limits to Growth (1972), a report commissioned by the Club of Rome.
Herman Daly
American ecological economist. Known for his work on steady-state economics and his critiques of mainstream economics.
Paul Hawken
Environmentalist, entrepreneur, and author. known for his work in the footprints of the conservative Jon Muir, promoting that environmental awareness can bring about a positive change in how we conceive and practice economic activities.
Adlai Stephenson
Original person who popularized the term, “Space Earth”; inspired Kenneth Boulding
Club of Rome
Commissioned a study on the implications of recognizing that we live on a finite and ultimately vulnerable planet.
Agenda 21
308-page action plan
Local Agenda 21
Aimed at devolving responsibilities for ESD to local governments.
Rio +20
Future We Want
Montreal Protocol
Established to help developing nations introduce substitute technologies for CFCs; reduce the use of ozone-depleting aerosols
UN Earth Summit
Rio de janeiro
Kyoto Protocol
Global gathering on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in 1997
Copenhagen Summit
2009 summit on reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Herman Daly
Established 4 sustainability principles.
Limit human scale within Earth’s capacity
Technological progress is efficiency increasing and not throughput increasing.
Harvest rates should be slower than regeneration rates, waste emissions should not exceed assimilative capabilities of receiving environments.
Non-renewable resources should be explored no faster than the rate of creation of renewable resources.
Millennium Development Goals
8 goals that were adopted at a special UN Millennium Summit held in New York in 2000.
Tragedy of the Commons
Garrett Hardin
Who came up with the tragedy of the commons?
Elinor Ostrom
Who came up with the communal management of common pool resources?
the communal management of common pool resources
Elinor Ostrom, a political economist, challenged the traditional view that common-pool resources (CPRs) – like fisheries, forests, grazing lands, and irrigation systems – are doomed to overuse and depletion (the "Tragedy of the Commons"). Instead, she argued that communities can successfully manage these resources through communal management, without needing strict government control or full privatization.
Profligacy Ceiling
Overconsumption; living beyond nature’s capacity
Dignity Floors
Minimum resource use to ensure quality of life
What are trying to sustain now
What are the ecosystem's capabilities to do this?
What can we sustain?
What do we need to sustain?
What ought we sustain?
What would we like to sustain? (or what is 'living well' - Aristotle's the Good Life"
Sustainability questions
Discourse, politics, policy, people's movement
How did the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development evolved through time?
Anthropogenic, incremental and abrupt changes, surprise and uncertainty
What are the drivers of change that affect sustainability and sustainable development?
Integration, convergence, diversity, multiple scales and levels
What are the issues and challenges in promoting sustainability?
Global and local initiatives, top down and bottom up
What are current initiatives at different scales and levels for sustainability?
Marsh
Modern environmental movement: Responsible environmental stewardship’ transformative effects of human action
Bergson
Industrial Revolution will define a new age
Vernadsky
The biosphere is being sharply changed by man, consciously and unconsciously.
Leroy & Chardin
Human intelligence, creativity and ingenuity are powerful shapers of the environment.
1955 Princeton Conference
Man’s Role in Changing the Face of the Earth Ecology Conference
egoistic, social-altruistic, and biospheric
What are the 3 environmental value orientations of Schwartz?
Egoistic
Value that means we tend to protect aspects of the environment that affect us personally or to oppose protection of the environment if personal costs are high.
Social-altruistic
Value that means judging phenomena based on costs or benefits for a human group, such as a community, ethnic group, nation-state, or all humanity.
Biospheric
Judging phenomena based on costs or benefits to ecosystems.
