Lecture on Federalism and Government Structure

A set of flashcards covering key concepts from a lecture on federalism, government structure, and landmark Supreme Court cases.

What does federalism refer to?

A constitutional arrangement in which power is distributed between a central government and subdivisional governments.

What is the role of the 10th Amendment?

It provides protection for state authority by reserving powers not given to the national government.

What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish?

It outlawed slavery.

What was the outcome of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

It established the 'separate but equal' doctrine, strengthening state governments' ability to impose Jim Crow laws.

How did the Great Depression affect federal and state relations?

States turned to national policy for help, altering their relationship by trading away some authority for financial aid.

What are grants-in-aid?

Tools used by the federal government to achieve policy objectives within states.

What is dual federalism?

A form of federalism where states and the nation operate independently in their own policy areas.

What does the Commerce Clause authorize Congress to do?

Regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states.

What is the significance of the Necessary and Proper Clause?

It grants Congress the authority to legislate as necessary for carrying out its constitutionally granted powers.

What does the Supremacy Clause state?

It establishes that the Constitution and federal laws are the supreme law of the land.

What are concurrent powers?

Powers granted to both states and the federal government in the Constitution.

What are categorical grants?

Grants provided to states with specific provisions on their use.

What is the concept of devolution?

The return of more authority to state or local governments.

What was the decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?

The bank of the United States was found constitutional under implied powers, strengthening national government power.

What did the Supreme Court rule in United States v. Lopez (1992)?

The Gun-Free School Zones Act was ruled unconstitutional as it exceeded Congress's power under the commerce clause.