Untitled Flashcards Set

Intelligence

The ability to learn from experience, adapt to new situations, understand complex ideas, and apply knowledge to manipulate the environment.

General Intelligence (g)

A theory proposed by Charles Spearman suggesting that intelligence is a single, general factor underlying all cognitive abilities.

Factor Analysis

A statistical method used to identify clusters of related items on a test, helping to identify underlying dimensions of intelligence.

Fluid Intelligence (Gf)

The ability to reason and solve novel problems, independent of previously acquired knowledge; tends to decrease with age.

Crystallized Intelligence (Gc)

The ability to use learned knowledge and experience; tends to remain stable or improve with age.

Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory (CHC)

A comprehensive theory of intelligence combining fluid and crystallized intelligence concepts with further subdivisions and a three-stratum model.

Multiple Intelligences

Howard Gardner's theory proposing eight distinct types of intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.

Savant Syndrome

A condition where a person with a developmental disorder exhibits exceptional skills in a specific area despite below-average cognitive abilities overall.

Grit

A personality trait characterized by perseverance and passion for long-term goals, involving effort maintenance despite setbacks.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions effectively in oneself and others.

Intelligence Test

A standardized assessment to measure a person's general cognitive abilities and intellectual potential, often expressed as an IQ.

Achievement Test

A test designed to measure knowledge or proficiency in a specific subject or area.

Aptitude Test

A test designed to assess potential for learning new skills or abilities, predicting future performance.

Stanford-Binet

A widely used intelligence test developed by Alfred Binet and revised by Lewis Terman, measuring IQ through tasks of varying difficulty.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

A numerical score from standardized intelligence tests, designed to measure intellectual abilities relative to others.

Mental Age

A measure of a child's intellectual development based on performance on an intelligence test.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

A widely used intelligence test for adults, measuring various aspects of intelligence.

Psychometrics

The field specializing in the theory and technique of psychological measurement, including tests for intelligence and personality.

Standardization

The process of establishing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test to ensure consistency.

Normal Curve

A bell-shaped curve representing score distribution on psychological tests, with most scores clustering around the mean.

Validity

The degree to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Content Validity

The extent to which a test represents all aspects of the construct it is intended to measure.

Construct Validity

The degree to which a test accurately measures the psychological concept it is intended to assess.

Predictive Validity

The extent to which a test predicts future performance or behavior.

Reliability

The consistency of a test's results over time.

Test-Retest Reliability

The consistency of test scores when the same test is administered at two different points in time.

Split-Half Reliability

A method of testing reliability by dividing a test into two halves and comparing scores.

Flynn Effect

The observed phenomenon of increasing intelligence test scores over generations.