ch. 11 review

What does it mean that the human cardiovascular system is a "closed" circulatory system?

The blood, as a whole, is kept inside the vessels and the heart.

Identify the specific location of each of the following structures. (Some answers may be used more than once)

1. AV Node - Interatrial septum

2. Purkinje fibers - Ventricular myocardium

3. Pulmonary Semilunar Valve - Right ventricle

4. Fossa Ovalis - interatrial septum 

5. Bundle Branches - 

6. Aortic Semilunar Valve - left ventricle 

7. Coronary Sinus - Dorsal side of the heart 

8. SA Node - right atrium just below the superior vena cava 

9. Coronary Arteries - Just superior to the aortic semilunar valve

Match each of the following structures with the heart event that sends it blood. Some events will be used more than once.

1. Right ventricle - Right ventricular diastole

2. Pulmonary Artery (trunk) - right ventricular systole 

3. Coronary Arteries - left ventricular systole

4. Aorta - left ventricular systole

5. Brachiocephalic Artery - left ventricular systole

6. Right pulmonary artery - right ventricular systole

7. Left pulmonary artery - right ventricular systole 

8. Left ventricle - left ventricular diastole 

Which of the following sends blood to the right atrium? (select all that apply) 

1. inferior vena cava

2. coronary sinus

3. superior vena cava

Which of the following sends blood to the left atrium? 

1. right pulmonary veins

2. left pulmonary veins

Which of the following events allow the RIGHT ventricle to be filled with blood from the correct direction? (select all that apply)

1. atrial systole

2. ventricular diastole

3. opening of the tricuspid valve

Match each of the following structures with the correct function

1. Pulmonary vein - sends oxygen rich blood to the heart chambers

2. Bicuspid valve - prevents blood from flowing from the left ventricle back into the left atrium

3. Coronary Sinus - collects oxygen poor blood from the heart vessels and sends it to the right atrium

4. Pulmonary semilunar valve - prevents blood from flowing from an artery back into the right ventricle

5. SA node - sends an impulse throughout the heart to initiate myocardial contractions

6. Fossa Ovalis - a remnant of an opening that allowed oxygen rich blood from the right atrium to go to the left atrium in the fetal stage

7. Pulmonary Artery - sends oxygen poor blood away from the heart chambers

8. Tricuspid Valve - prevents blood from flowing from the right ventricle back into the right atrium 

9. Chordae tendineae - prevent AV valves from opening into the atria during ventricular systole

10. Aortic semilunar valve - prevents blood from flowing from an artery back into the left ventricle

Match each of the following structures with the kind of blood it carries/holds in a healthy 17 year-old individual. 

1. Pulmonary veins - oxygen-rich

2. Pulmonary arteries - oxygen-poor

3. Right atrium - oxygen-poor

4. Circle of Willis - oxygen-rich

5. Systemic veins - oxygen-poor

6. Left ventricle - oxygen-rich

7. Hepatic Portal System - oxygen-poor

8. Aorta - oxygen-rich

9. Right coronary artery - oxygen-rich

10. Coronary veins - oxygen-poor

Which of them are NOT pressure points where a pulse can be easily palpated? (select all that apply)

1. Splenic vein 

2. Right pulmonary artery 

3. External jugular vein 

4. Renal artery 

5. Radial vein 

6. Thoracic aorta 

Which of the following is required for a vessel to act as an appropriate pressure point? 

systemic artery, close to the skin, usually near a joint

Which of the following are vital signs? (select all that apply)

1. respiratory rate

2. pulse

3. body temperature

4. blood pressure

Determine whether each of the following is a characteristic of a vein, artery, or capillary. Some answers need to be more specific than others and some answers may be used more than once.

1. Thinner walls & carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart - pulmonary veins 

2. Have a thicker tunica media layer - arteries

3. Carry oxygen-poor blood away from the heart - pulmonary arteries

4. Made up of only a single layer of endothelium - capillaries 

5. Have valves to prevent backflow - veins 

6. Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart -

7. Carry oxygen-poor blood towards the heart -

8. Larger lumens compared to associated vessel of the opposite type - veins

9. Have the high blood pressure of their circuit - arteries

10. Always carry blood away from heart - arteries 

11. Allow for gas & chemical exchanges - capillaries 

12. Have the lowest blood pressure of their circuit - veins

Match each description with the correct vessel

1. Vessel that supplies the myocardium with oxygen-rich blood - (coronary arteries) 

2. A branch of an anterior vessel that specifically supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood - (internal carotid) 

3. Longest vein in the body and located in the leg - (great saphenous)

4. Vessels that are associated with the kidneys - (renal arteries)

5. Formed by the merging of the ulnar and radial veins - (brachial vein)

6. Vessels associated with supplying and draining blood for the intestines - (mesenteric)

7. Vessel supplying the arm with oxygen-rich blood - (brachial artery) 

8. A branch of an anterior vessel that specifically supplies the skin and scalp of the head with oxygen-rich blood - (external carotid)

9. Vessels associated with the diaphragm - (phrenic)

10. The anterior tibial and posterior tibial vessels arise from or merge to form this more superior vessel - (popliteal)

11. Large artery that passes through an opening in the diaphragm - (thoracic aorta) 

12. Vessels related to the stomach - (gastric)

13. Vessels related to the spleen - (splenic)

14. Vessel that splits to form the two common iliac arteries - (abdominal aorta)

15. Vessel that enters the liver - (hepatic portal vein)

16. Vessel that joins the liver with inferior vena cava - (hepatic vein)

17. This vessel with the two vena cavae make up the three entrances to the right atrium - (coronary sinus) 

Which of the following vessels join to form the hepatic portal vein? (select all that apply)

1. inferior mesenteric

2. splenic vein

3. left gastric vein

4. superior mesenteric

What is the purpose or significance of the Circle of Willis (cerebral arterial circle)?

it is a functional round-a-bout supply of blood in the brain to prevent blocked circulation of blood entering the brain

Match each of the following terms with the correct description.

1. Stroke volume - blood leaving one side of the heart and measured in mL/beat

2. Diastole - event that closes the semilunar valves in the heart

3. Atrial systole -  event to squeeze more blood into the ventricles

4. Pulse - the measurement of cardiac cycles of the heart measured at a location away from the heart in beats/min

5. Cardiac Output - blood leaving one side of the heart and measured in mL/min

6. Systole - contraction of a ventricle

7. Heart Rate -  the measurement of cardiac cycles of the heart measured in beats/min (bpm)

8. Blood Pressure - a comparison measurement of systolic force with diastolic force within an artery

Which of the following can have a significant effect on blood pressure? 

1. Time of day 

2. Weight 

3. Diet 

4. Constriction/dilation of the lumen 

5. Cardiac output 

6. Exercise 

7. Stress 

8. Chemical/medications 

9. Posture 

10. Body temperature 

11. Peripheral resistance 

12. Age 

Put the following systemic vessels in order of increasing amount of blood pressure (Least pressure at the top)

1. Veins 

2. Venules 

3. Capillaries 

4. Arterioles 

5. Arteries 

6. Aorta