Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity.

Behavior Genetics

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.

Heredity

The genetic transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring.

Environment

Every nongenetic influence on behavior.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

Chromosome

Threadlike structures made of DNA that contain genes.

Gene

The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes.

Allele

A specific version of a gene.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an individual.

Phenotype

The physical characteristics of an individual.

Monozygotic Twins

Identical twins that come from a single fertilized egg.

Dizygotic Twins

Fraternal twins that come from two separate eggs.

Temperament

A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.

Heritability

The proportion of variation among individuals in a group attributable to genes.

Norms

Understood rules for accepted and expected behavior.

Individualism

A cultural orientation that emphasizes personal autonomy and self-expression.

Collectivism

A cultural orientation that emphasizes group goals and interdependence.

Estrogen

A hormone associated with the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

Testosterone

A hormone associated with the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.

Gender Roles

Social expectations associated with being male or female.

Social Learning Theory

The theory that behavior is learned through observation and imitation.

Gender Typing

The acquisition of traditional male or female roles.

Androgyny

A blend of both male and female characteristics.

Transgender

Relating to a person whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.

Gender Identity

An individual's personal sense of their gender.