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Wheeze
哮鸣音
Crackles
湿啰音(爆裂音)
Cyanosis
发绀
Clubbing
杵状指(趾)
Tactile fremitus
触觉语颤
Chest expansion
胸廓扩张
Impaired gas exchange
气体交换受损
Ineffective airway clearance
气道清除无效
Activity intolerance
活动耐受不良
Bronchodilator
支气管扩张剂
Corticosteroid
糖皮质激素
Oxygen therapy
氧疗
Smoking cessation
戒烟
Pulmonary rehabilitation
肺康复
Pulmonary fibrosis
肺纤维化
Haemoptysis
咯血
Accessory muscle
辅助呼吸肌
Elastic recoil
肺弹性回缩力
声音嘶哑
氧化应激是指细胞内活性氧(ROS)与抗氧化防御之间的失衡,可能导致细胞损伤和疾病。
Bronchospasm
支气管痉挛(支气管平滑肌收缩导致气道变窄)
Tuberculosis (TB)
肺结核(由结核分枝杆菌引起的传染性肺部疾病)