RAD PATHO Staging of Malignant Tumor

-Localized tumor

– surgically removed

-Hodgkin’s disease

– radiation therapy

PROSTATE CANCER

– hormonal therapy

T

refers to the size and extent of the main

tumor. The main tumor is usually called the

primary tumor.

- it can be 1, 2, 3 or 4, with 1 being small and 4

large

N

refers to the number of nearby lymph nodes

that have cancer.

- it can be between 0 (no lymph nodes

containing cancer cells) and 3 (lots of lymph

nodes containing cancer cells)

m

refers to whether the cancer has spread from the primary tumor to other parts of the body.

- it can either be 0 (the cancer hasn't spread)

or 1 (the cancer has spread)metastasized.

In situ

—Abnormal cells are present but have not

spread to nearby tissue.

Localized

—Cancer is limited to the place where it

started, with no sign that it has spread.

Regional

—Cancer has spread to nearby lymph

nodes, tissues, or organs.

Distant

—Cancer has spread to distant parts of the

body.

Unknown

—There is not enough information to

figure out the stage.