brief bio unit two

organic compounds

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are organic compounds (Have to contain carbon atoms connected by covalent bonds) used to store energy. A monosaccharide is a simple sugar. Which is a simple carb. Complex carbs have two main functions: storing energy and forming structures of living things, also known as polysaccharides.

Monosaccharides

Are the simplest carbohydrate. Most of them are sugars. May have between 3-8 carbon atoms but 5-6 is most common. 5=pentose 6=hexose.

Polysaccharides

A carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.

Hydrophobic

Repels water

Dehydration Synthesis

The creation of larger molecules upon the release of water.

Monomers

Atoms or small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures such as polymers.

Polymers

Larger molecules made by the bonding of monomers.

Amino Acids

Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life.

Biomolecule

a molecule that is produced by a living organism.

Hydrophilic

Easily mixes and dissolves with water.

Unsaturated

Capable of absorbing or dissolving more solute

Hydrolysis

The chemical breakdown of a compound due to the reaction with water.

Nucleic Acid

A substance present in living cells, especially in DNA and RNA whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

Protein

A chain of amino acids.

Lipids

A macromolecule designated to certain compounds which are composed of fatty acids. Used as a form of energy storage.

Trans fats

Trans fats are made when liquid oils are turned into solid fats, like shortening or margarine. These are called partially-hydrogenated oils (PHOs).

Nucleotide

Is the monomer of nucleic acids, composed of a phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.