CH 12 Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Melminths

What are the 2 microscopic fungi morphologies?

• Yeast

• Mold

Which morphology is a round/ovoid shape and which one is a long filamentous hyphae?

Yeast is a round/ovoid shape

Mold is a long filamentous hyphae

Some pathogens can live in two different forms what is it called?

Dimorphic

Dimorphic fungi can grow into two forms of growth. 

Mold-like form can produce vegetative and aerial hyphae meanwhile Yeast does what?

Yeast form is able to reproduce by budding.

What is fungal nutrition?

• They are ALL chemoheterotrophic

• Majority can be harmless saphrobes living off dead plants & animals.

• Some can be parasites, living on tissues of other organisms but NOT obligate parasite.

• There’s extremely widespread distribution in many habitats.

In fungal reproduction..how does asexual reproduction work?

They are formed through budding (yeasts) or in spores (mold)

How does sexual reproduction work in fungal reproduction?

Spores are formed following fusion of + and - strains of formation of sexual structure.

What are the importance of fungi?

• Decomposers of dead plants & animals

• They are sources of antibiotics

• Used in making food and in genetic studies

• But they can cause food spoilage, mycoses and toxin production..

What is algae? Be specific.

• It is photosynthetic → meaning it has chloroplasts

• Most have a cell wall

• Unicellular, colonial, and multicellular

• NO MOVEMENT

• They are mostly free-living in fresh and marine water.

What are the different types of Algae?

• Euglenozoa

• Chlorophyta

• Rhodophyta

• Dinoflagellates

• Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)

• Synurales

• Xanthophyta

• Phaeophyta

• Chrysophyta

What is the importance of Algae?

• Provides the basis of the food web in most aquatic habitats (plankton)

• Produces a large proportion of atmosphereic O²

• They are used for cosmetics, food and medical products

Dinoflagellates causes what?

It causes red tides & releases toxins causing paralytic shellfish poisoning..
(this is the bad algae)

What is a protist..? Be specific.

• They are either heterotrophic or mixotrophic

• Lacks a cell wall and chloroplasts

• Mostly unicellular

• Most have motility structure/appendages → They can move

• Free-living but some are parasites.

• They can live in fresh water/marine water (check for movement)

What is a parasitic helminth?

• Multicellular animals.

• They have organs for reproduction, digestion, movement, and protection.

• Parasitize host tissues

• They have mouthparts for attachment to or digestion of host tissues

• Has well-developed sex-organs that produces eggs and sperm

• The fertilized eggs go through larval period either inside or out of the host’s body. 

What are flatworms?

They are flat, has no definite body cavity; absorbs nutrients through their cutilcle

• Cestodes → tapeworms (segmented)

• Trematodes → or flukes, they are flattened nonsegmentted worms with “sucking” mouthparts..

What are roundworms?

Nematodes → they are a round, has complete digestive tract. Has spines and hooks to attach to host.