Gastrointestinal diseases Dog

Found in the mouth T/F: staphlycoccus

true

Found in the mouth T/F: streptococcus

true

what clinical sighs do we associate with gastrointestinal tract

halitosis, dysphagie, vomiting, malabsorption, diarrhea, hematochezia, melena, abdominal pain

helitosis =

bad breath

other symptoms related to dysphagia

otyalism (drooling), anarexia, weight loss

other symptoms related to malabsorption

weight loss, failure to grow

types of diarrhea

acute, chronic

causes of gingivitis and periodontitis

normal flora and accumulation of dental plaque

cause of stomatitis, glossitis and gingivitis

tooth root absess, visicular disease, oral candidiasis- candida albicans (thrush in birds and mamals)

types of vesicular diseases

foot and mouth, vesicular stomatitis, swine vesicular disease

cause of erosive, ulcerative, necrotizing stomatitis

bovine viral diahrrhea, malignant catarrhal fever

cause of lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis and stomatitis

viral infections - FIV,FeLV

cause of pharyngitis

fusobacteriu, necrophorum in calves (calf diphtheria), trauma with secondary bacterial infection

what body system can have pathogenic manifestations as a resould of oral/dental infections

ophthalmic/eye

infections causes of vomiting

dietary indiscretion, causes from the GIT, other body systems: uremia, cholecystitis, hepatitis, pyometra, endotoxemia/septicemia (LPS)

which parasites are known for causing malabsorption

toxocara canis, toxocara cati, toxoscaris leonina

which inflammatory diseases cause malabsorption

histoplasmosis, pythiosis, mycobacterium avium subsp. pararuberculosis (johne’s disease in cattle)

how many things can cause acute diarrhea in a dog (that we are expected to know)

15

list the th main bacteria know to cause acute diarrhea

campylobacter jejuni, e.coli, salmonella, clostridium perfingens, clostridium difficile

list the main viral causes of acute diarrhea

coronavirus, rotavirus, parvovirus, canine distemper, FIV, FeLV

list the main parasitic causes of acute diarrhea

coccidia, giardia, tritrichomonas

the 2 main question you should ask when you see chronic diarrhea

is it parasitic? is it small or large intestan?

list the main parasitic causes of chronic diarrhea

nematodes, giardia, tritrichomonas

main give away for small Vs large intestan diarrhea

small = noticable weight loss, melena (rare), increased volume, polyphagia
large = frequent bowl movements, hematochezia, mucus in feces, tenesmus(bowl pain)

nematodes that effect the small intestine

ancylostoma caninum, strongyles

protozoa that effect the small intestine

giardia, cryptosparidium

bacteria that effect the small intestine

salmonella, e.coli, campylobacter

fungi that effect the small intestine

histoplasmosis, pythium

nematodes that effect the large intestine

trichuris (whipworms)

protozoa that effect the large intestine

tritichomonas

trematodes that effect the large intestine

heterobilharzia

bacteria that effect the large intestine

clostridium peringens, clostridium difficile

fungal that effect the large intestine

histroplasmosis, pythium

charateristic of secretory dairrhea. give example pathagens

active secretion or inhibition of absorpton, little to no structural damage, EX: ETEC, clostridium perfingens toxin, giardia

charateristic of imphammatory/exudative dairrhea. give example pathagens

damage to mucosa. EX: EHEC, salmonella, campylopacter, ancylostoma caninum, trichuris vulpis

parasites that cause malabsorption for dogs

toxocara canis, mererobilharzia americana

inflammatory doseases that affect absorption in dogs

histoplasmosis, pythium

when a puppy precents to the clinic with a potbelly and not on prevention one of the main things to think us is ____ and why

toxocara canis because round worms are often known to cause a potbelly apearance in young animals

fact sheet for toxocara canis

L3 is infectous stage. can be transmited stranplecental (most important route for puppies) transmammary, and paatinic host injgestion. is zoonotic - causes visceral ancular larval migrans

best test to find heterobilharzia and why

fecal sedimentation because it is a termatode and the eggs are heavy

fact sheet for heterobilharzia americana

intermeidiat host aquatic snails, intermittent bloody diarrhea caused from agg migration through intestinal wall (chronic), leat to chronic inflammatory hepatic diseas, eggs cause granulomas in other organs.

histoplasma capsulatum spread and distrabution

mid-east USA. found - soil, environment, bird, and bat dropping.

histoplasma capsulatum transmission

Transmission- inhalation of spores,

histoplasma capsulatum effected species, diagnosis, zoonotic?

disease: subclinical(most common)-pulmonary, disseminated (GI,skin)
dogs(most commonly), cats,other.
diagnosis: biopsy culture, urin antigen test. no

pythium distrubition

gulf cost of the US. warm, moist soil and water

pythium affected host

dogs, horse, humans(not zoonotic)

pythium pathogensis and transmission

motile zoospores invade skin, conert in to hyphae. traumatic inoculation , ingestion

experimental pythium treatments

mefenoxam. minocycline, steroid

causes of glossitis(tunge inflammation) in dogs

canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, secondary bacterial infection

cause ulcerative leasion in dogs

parvovirus

cause pharngitits in dogs

oral candidiasis, candida albicans (secondary to stress or immunosepression)

what disease can lead to tooth enamel loss and why

canine distemper, when sick very young it decreases the production of enamel

causes of petechia in mouth mucous membranes

thrombocytopenia, richkettsia reckettsii (rocky mountain spotted fever), ehrlichia canis, obligate intracellular bacteria

what type of dietary indiscretion would lead to vomiting in dogs

clostridium perfingens enterotoxin

GIT causes for vomiting and the pathogin that causes it

gastritis- parasites (physaloptera)

enetritis- canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus, acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome, parasities

colitis-

type of dietary discreation for dogs that can cause acute diarrhea

toxins, acute pancreatitis, hypoadrenocortcism

types of bacteria that cause acute diarrhea

campylobacter jeuni, e.coli, salmonella, clostridium perfringens, clostridoides difficile

types of viral that cause acute diarrhea

canine parvovirus, canine distemper, canine corocavirus

types of parasitic that cause acute diarrhea

cystoisospara spp.(coccidia), giardia, strongyloides stercaralis

e. coli affects _____,______. its suseptibility is related to ____. it can be eather _____ or_________. symtomes include _____ diarrhea, minimal _____________, _________ damage to epithelial cells. it can be associrated with ______ and ______ and is best diagnosed with a _______ or _______

neonates,young animals. age. secretory. attaching and effecing leasions. watery. intestinal inflammation. minimal. maldigestion. malabsorbtion. culture. pcr

Campylobacter jejuni affects _____. it makes a ________ that effects _______. . symtomes include _____ or ______ diarrhea, with mucus and sometimes blood. decreased ______, ______ and sometimes fever. clinical signes generally last ____ to _____ days but may have intermittent ______ for weeks to _____. it can be associrated with ______ and is best diagnosed with a _______ or _______. is a m___ _____ disease, causes _______ syndrome in people

young animals. cetolethal toxin. enterocytes. watery. bile-streaked. appetite. vomiting. 3. 7. diarrhea. months. malabsorption. culture. pcr. major zoonotic. guillain-Barre

salmonella affects _____, _______, and_______. invaids host _____ _______ cells. . symtomes include _____ diarrhea, rearley fatal btu can cause intermittent ______ and ______ if left untreated. can shed ________. is best diagnosed with a _______ or _______. is a m___ _____ disease,

young. immunocampreomised. elderly. intestinal epithelial. bloody. bacteremia. sepsis. asymptomatically. cuture. pcr. major zoonotic

Clostridium perfringens Affects ____ age but may be more severe in young. Part of the normal microbiota in most mammals.

Disruption of normal microbiota allows proliferation of these bacteria and _____ expression of the __________.

Diarrhea may be ________, life-threatening _______ diarrhea with severe inflammation of the _______.

Diagnosis based on ________ and some combination of _______ with ELISA, presence of intestinal lesions, ____ and ____ for the toxin gene from an isolate. is ________ disease

any, increased c.perfringens enterotoxin, mild to severe, hemorrhagic, intestinal mucosa, clinical sighns, detection of toxin, culture, pcr, zoonotic

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Affects ____ age but may be more severe in young. Part of the normal microbiota in most mammals.

Disruption of normal microbiota allows proliferation of these bacteria and _____ expression of the __________.

Diarrhea may be ________, life-threatening _______ diarrhea with severe inflammation of the _______.

Diagnosis based on ________ and some combination of _______ with ELISA, presence of intestinal lesions, ____ and ____ for the toxin gene from an isolate. is ________ disease

any, increased. C. difficileTcdA and/or TcdB toxins, mild to severe, hemorrhagic, intestinal mucosa, clinical sighns, detection of toxin, culture, pcr, zoonotic

Clostridium spp

stain______, morphology_________, atmosphere_____, transmission______, virulence factor________. zoonotic?

important fact =

gram-positive, large rods. endospores, anaerobic, endogenous. induced trauma causing necrotic devitalized tissue w/ spore, toxin, not notmally, spore former toxins

most clostridium spp are, but can be-

saprophiytic, opportunistic

saprophytic

feeding, absorbing or growing upomn decaying organic matter

clostriduim spp major toxins

enterotoxic, histeotoxic, neurotoxic

signs of enterotoxic

diarrhea, enteritis, enterotoxemia

signs of histotoxic

myonecrosis, liver involment

signs of neurotoxic

nervous signs, bacterial infection, intoxication

which toxin C. difficile

Enterotoxic

which toxin C. perfringens

Enterotoxic and Histotoxic

which toxin C. haemolyticum

Histotoxic

which toxin C. novyi

Histotoxic

which toxin C. septicum

Histotoxic

which toxin C. chauvoei

Histotoxic

which toxin C. tetani

neurotoxic

which toxin C. botulinum

neurotoxic

Clostridium perfringens type A causes

hemorrhagic abomasitis in calves and small ruminients, effects dogs

Clostridium perfringens type B causes

lamb dysentery

Clostridium perfringens type C causes

hemorrhagic and necrotizing enteritis in calves, lambs, gorses, pigs

canine acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS) is caused by?

Clostridium perfringens type A toxins

Canine Parvovirus morbitity and mortality, age range for acute enteritis

high for both, weaning to 6 months

incubation period of parvovirus

4-7 days (acute)

where does parvovirus fist replicaite

in pharyngeal lymphoind tissue and peyes patches

best disinfection for parvovirus and why

1% sodium hypochlorite becaye is non-enveoped and stable in envionment

when do dogs start shedding parvovirus

4-5

distemper fact sheet

affected host-

source-

transmission-

virus type-

diagnosis-

zoonotic?

dogs, ferrets. infected dogs. inhalation. epitheliotropic. IFA, PCR, FA, Elisa. no

how long can dogs shed canine distemper

up to 2 weeks

Canine Coronavirus

agent, source, mortality, population effected, immunity, detection, incupation time, shed time, clinical signs

ssRNA, enveloped, low. any age and breed, mucosal immunity is more important that circulation antibody, pcr (is present in normal animals), 3 days, 9 days, vomiting and orange diarrhea; anorexia and lethargy

discribe gieardis

bulky, mushy, smelly diarrhea

sometimes intermittent / recurrent

usually afebrile

bacterial causes of chronic diarrhea in dog

Clostridium perfringens, Clostridiodes difficile

fungal causes of chronic diarrhea in dog

Histoplasma capsulatum, Pythium

parasitic causes of chronic diarrhea in dog

Trichuris vulpis (whipworms), Giardia, Heterobilharzia

americana

Clostridium perfringens toxin type D

enterotoxemia in sheep and foals

grain overload

“pulpy kidney”

Clostridium perfringens toxin types

type A, B, C, D, and E

PPP of whip worm, age effected, egg facts

3 months, very invironmentally resistant, difficult to float, difficult to dtreat

Heterobilharzia americana Intermittent bloody diarrhea from egg migration

through intestinal wall - chronic

• Eosinophilic and granulomatous enteritis

• Eggs carried via portal circulation to liver causing

chronic inflammatory/ granulomatous hepatic disease

Infectious Agents Associated with the Canine Gastrointestinal Tract with Minimal / No Clinical Signs in the Dog

Dipylidium caninum, Taenia pisiformis, Taenia taeniaeformis, Baylisascaris procyonis