UTS ALL TOPICS MIDTERM

Aristotle

Self-Understanding

Is the ability to recognize and make sense of your own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

It is a cornerstone of personal growth because it helps you these three things.

Personality Traits
Emotions
Values
Strength and Weaknesses

Key aspects of self-understanding

Personality Traits

it’s a key aspect answering the question “what kind of person are you?”

Emotions

it’s a key aspect answering the question “How do you respond to situations emotionally?”

Values

it’s a key aspect answering the question “What matters most to you in life?”

Strength and Weaknesses

it’s a key aspect answering the question “What are you naturally good at, and where do you struggle?”

Personal Growth
Relationships
Stress Management
Career Development

Importance of Self-Understanding

Personal Growth

By understanding yourself, you can set goals and grow in areas that matter to you.

Relationships

When you know your tendencies, you communicate better and build deeper connections.

Stress Management

Recognizing triggers and coping mechanisms helps you handle life’s pressures.

Career Development

Awareness of your strengths and work style can guide career choices and improve workplace effectiveness.

Personality Traits

Extraversion, Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, Neuroticism, Coscientiousness

The Big Five Personalities

Consistency
Stability
Individual Differences

Key Features of Personality Traits

Consistency

Stability

Individual Differences

Biological Determinants
Environmental Determinants
Psychological Determinants
Situational Determinants
Cultural and Societal Determinants
Physical and Biological Conditions

Determinants of Personality

Biological Determinants

Genetics
Brain Structure
Physical Appearance

What are under the Biological Determinants?

Environmental Determinants

What are under the Environmental Determinants?

Psychological Determinants

What are under the Psychological Determinants?

Situational Determinants

Immediate Environment
Crises or Life Events

What are under the Situational Determinants

What are under the Cultral and Societal Influences?

What are under the Physical and Biological Determinants?

Personality Development

is a complex interplay of nature (biological factors) and nurture (environmental and situational factors)

GENETICS

lay the foundation, life experiences and surroundings shape and refine personality over time.

Self-awareness

the ability to recognize and understand your own thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

Self-awareness

the foundation for personal growht. It helps identify strengths, weaknesses, values, and beliefs.

Self-Exploration

a deeper examination of your inner self to understand what drives your actions and decisions

Self-Exploration

helps uncover passions, purpose, and areas that need improvement.

Emotional Growth

the ability to understand, regulate, and express emotions effectively.

Emotional Intelligence

improves relationships, decision-making, and stress management.

Cognitive Development

expanding your knowledge, critical thinking skills, and problem-solving abilities.

Cognitive Development

Helps in adapting to challenges and making informed decisions.

Spiritual and Moral Development

developing a sense of purpose, meaning, and connection to something greater than yourself.

Spiritual and Moral Development

It provides direction and inner peace

Behavioral and Habitual Changes

changing habits and behaviors to align with your goals and values.

Behavioral and Habitual Changes

Consistent positive actions lead to long-term growth.

Self-Acceptance and Compassion

embracing who you are, including your imperfections, without judgment.

Self-Acceptance and Compassion

Builds self-confidence and reduces negative self-talk.

Continuous Personal Development

a commitment to lifelong learning and self-improvement.

Continuous Personal Development

Helps you adapt to change and reach your full potential.

Benefits of Personal Growth in Understanding the Self.

Self

It refers to an individual’s perception of their own identity, thoughts, feelings, and experiences that contribute to who they are.

Self

-It includes awareness of one’s existence, abilities, beliefs, and place in the world.

Self-Concept

How one perceive themselves

Self-esteem

The value one places on themselves

Self-awareness

The ability to reflect on one’s own thoughts and behaviors.

Self

central to understanding one’s identity.

Personality

refers to the unique and relatively stable patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that characterize an individual.

Personality

-It is the sum of enduring traits and behaviors that define how a person interacts with the world.

Trait

are specific characteristics or tendencies that influence how an individual thinks, feels, and behaves.

Trait

a distinguishing feature of your personal nature.

Trait

They are considered the building blocks of personality.

Self

The awareness and understanding of one’s identity.

Personality

The overall patterns of behavior, emotions, and thoughts.

Traits

Specific characteristics that form the foundation of personality.

Self

Provides the foundation for exploring identity and purpose.

Self

Promotoes introspection and reflection on values, goals, and beliefs.

Personality

Offers insight into consistent patterns in behavior and emotional responses.

Personality

Helps individuals understand how they relate to others and adapt to their environment.

Traits

Enables a deeper understanding of specific tendencies

Traits

Provides actionable insights for improving behavior and decision-making.

Know Thyself
The Socratic Method
The Soul and Virtue
Dialogue and Reflection
The Unexamined Life

Socrates Concepts

Know Thyself

Self-awareness is the foundation of understanding the self. One must examine their own beliefs, nature, and actions to live a good life.

The socratic Method

A method of questioning that encourages critical thinking and self-reflection, helping individuals uncover their own ignorance and contradictions.

The Soul and Virtue

The self is tied to the soul, which requires cultivation of virtue. Virtue is knowledge, and understanding the self is essential to moral growth

Dialogue and Reflection

Engaging in dialogue and reflecting on one's thoughts leads to a deeper understanding of the self and its relationship to others.

The Unexamined Life

A life without self-examination lacks purpose and fulfillment. Continuous questioning is essential for a meaningful life

Concept of Plato

The Tripartite Soul

Rational, Spirited, and the Appetitive

The three parts of soul

The Theory of Forms

Perfect, Eternal and Unchanging Ideals

The Three Theory of Forms

Self-Knowledge and Wisdom

The Allegory of the Cave

Plato used this allegory to illustrate the journey of self-realization: from ignorance (the shadows in the cave) to enlightenment (the world outside the cave).

The Philosopher-King

The ideal ruler is one who has knowledge of the Forms and is able to govern with wisdom and justice, reflecting an ideal, well-ordered self.

Plato

He view the self as the relationship to knowledge, justice, and philosophy.

5 concepts of St. Augustine

Self-Knowledge and God

St. Augustine believed that true knowledge of the self can only be attained through knowledge of God. The self is deeply connected to divine truth.

The Inner Self

The self is discovered through inner reflection and introspection, as Augustine famously said, “I know myself only by knowing You (God).”

The fall and original sin

Augustine argued that the self is inherently flawed due to original sin. Humanity’s desire for self-centered fulfillment leads to spiritual disintegration.

Grace and Redemption

The self is redeemed through God's grace. Augustine believed that human will is free, but only divine grace can restore the self to its proper state.

The city of god vs. the city of man

Augustine contrasted the spiritual self, aligned with the City of God (focused on eternal truths), with the earthly self, tied to the City of Man (worldly concerns).

Concepts of Rene Descartes

Cogito Ergo Sum (“I Think, therefore I am’)

Descartes' foundational concept that the act of thinking is proof of existence. The self is defined by the ability to doubt and reason.

Dualism (Mind-Body Distinction)

Descartes proposed that the self consists of two distinct substances: res cogitans (thinking substance or mind) and res extensa (extended substance or body)

Res Cogitans (Mind) and Res Extensa (Body)

two distinct substances of self that descartes proposed

Self as a Thinking Subject

The self is primarily a thinking, rational subject. Consciousness and self-awareness are essential to the identity of the self.

The Search for Certainty

Descartes believed that the self must doubt everything except for its own existence as a thinking being in order to achieve certainty.

the Role of God

Descartes argued that God guarantees the truth of the self’s perceptions and existence, as God is benevolent and not deceptive.

Rene Descartes

Focusing on rational thought, dualism, and the role of God In confirming existence

Individualistic Self

emphasizes personal independence, self-reliance, and the belief that personal goals and achievements are the most important.

Collective Self

 emphasizes group harmony, social responsibility, and the importance of community or family over individual desires.