NHA prep

What is the correct order of draw for blood collection tubes?

Blood Culture Bottles / Yellow SPS, Light Blue, Red, Gold, Tiger, Green, Lavender, Pink, Royal Blue, Tan, Gray.

What is the additive in blood culture bottles?

Broth, which keeps bacteria alive.

What tests are done with blood culture bottles?

Blood cultures.

How many times should blood culture bottles be inverted?

4-5 times.

What is the special instruction for blood culture tubes?

Scrub with chlorhexidine for 30 seconds and draw from 2 different sites.

What is the additive in the Light Blue tube?

Sodium Citrate.

What tests are performed with the Light Blue tube?

PT, PTT, INR, Fibrinogen, D-Dimer.

How many times should the Light Blue tube be inverted?

3-4 times.

What is crucial about filling the Light Blue tube?

Must be 100% filled to maintain a 9:1 blood-to-additive ratio.

What is the additive in the Red tube?

None (glass) or Silica clot activator (plastic).

What tests are generally performed using the Red tube?

Type & Cross, Drug Levels, Toxicology.

What is the significance of the Gold/Tiger Top tube?

It contains a clot activator and gel for serum separation.

What tests can be run with the Gold/Tiger Top tube?

CMP, BMP, lipids, cholesterol, electrolytes, bilirubin, thyroid tests.

What is the additive in the Green tube?

Heparin (Sodium or Lithium).

What tests are typically performed using the Green tube?

Ammonia, Troponin, CK, Metabolic Panels, Vitamin B1/B6.

What is the additive in the Lavender tube?

EDTA.

What tests require the Lavender tube?

CBC, ESR, HbA1c.

What is the additive in the Pink tube?

EDTA.

What tests are done using the Pink tube?

Type & Screen / Crossmatch, BNP.

What is the additive in the Gray tube?

Sodium Fluoride + Potassium Oxalate.

What tests are performed with the Gray tube?

Glucose, GTT, Blood Alcohol, Lactic Acid.

What is the additive in the Yellow ACD tube?

Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD).

What tests are associated with the Yellow ACD tube?

DNA, Paternity testing.

What is unique about the Royal Blue tube?

Used for trace elements and may contain none or EDTA depending on the label.

What tests are performed with the Royal Blue tube?

Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Chromium.

What is the correct order of draw for capillary samples?

Blood Gas, EDTA (Lavender), Green, Other Additives, Serum (Red).

Why should EDTA be drawn first in a capillary order?

To avoid clotting that can ruin small capillary samples.

What is hemostasis?

The body's process to stop bleeding.

What are the three steps of hemostasis?

Vasoconstriction, Platelet plug formation, Coagulation.

What are the main components of blood?

Plasma (55%) and Formed Elements (45%).

What is the primary function of RBCs?

To carry oxygen to cells and remove carbon dioxide.

What is anemia?

A condition characterized by low RBC count or hemoglobin.

What are the types of white blood cells?

Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and Agranulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes).

What is the mnemonic for the order of WBCs from most to least common?

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils).

What does U/A stand for?

Urinalysis.

What are common reasons for conducting a urinalysis?

To check for UTI, kidney disease, diabetes, and other disorders.

What is the clean catch midstream process?

Clean the urinary opening, begin urinating, collect midstream, finish urinating in the toilet.

What is the preservation advice for urine samples?

Test within 1-2 hours or refrigerate at 39°F.

List the three steps of urinalysis.

Physical Exam, Chemical Exam, Microscopic Exam.

What is the normal color of urine?

Pale to dark yellow.

What does a high specific gravity in urine indicate?

Dehydration.

What are casts found in urine a sign of?

Kidney disease.

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative tests?

Qualitative tests determine presence (YES/NO) while quantitative tests measure amount (numbers).