Chapter 16- Fingerprints Test Study

Livescan images of fingerprints

have eliminated the need for inked prints on paper cards, are sent to the AFIS datebase electronically, are captured when the subject's fingers and palms are placed onto a glass platen (A, B, and C only)

Fingerprints are formed

during fetal development

The pores of the sweat glands are located in the

skin ridges

Ninhydrin is used on a latent print to detect

protein material

Francis Galton, in writing his textbook on fingerprints, built on the groundbreaking work in this area by

Fauld

To permanently alter the fingerprints and produce scars, one must damage the

dermal papillae

The FBI's AFIS became fully operational in

1999

The fingerprint classification system used in most English-speaking countries was devised by

Henry

The most commonly encountered ridge characteristics (used by AFIS) are the

bifurcation and ridge ending

Will West was the man who

had a virtual "double" with a similar name

What is the minimum number of ridge characteristics necessary before two fingerprints can be identified as the same

no minimum exists

Under which circumstances have two people been found to have identical fingerprints

none to date

It is estimated that there are as many as ____ ridge characteristics in an average complete fingerprint

150

What is a loop pattern that originates from the right called (this on your right hand)

radial loop

AFIS is a(n)

computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records

Sublimation occurs with the use of

iodine fuming

The friction skin ridges

provide a firmer grip and resist slippage (both B and C)

Prints that are NOT readily visible are commonly referred to as

latent

The AFIS ____ determines the degree of ____ between the location and relationship of the minutiae between the questioned fingerprint and those in the database

search algorithm, correlation

Which person listed below attempted to destroy his fingerprints with corrosive acid

John Dillinger

The most common ridge pattern is the

loop

A primary classification of 9/3 means that there are

whorls on the left and right middle finger

In the primary classification system, a finger is assigned numerical value if its pattern is a(n)

whorl

What percentage of the population falls into the 1/1 primary classification category

25%

In the primary classification system, the left index finger has a potential value of

2

Prints impressed in a bar of soap are referred to as

plastic

Investigators can use ____ to detect latent fingerprints without use of chemicals or power treatment

RUVIS

Which chemical treatment produces a white-appearing latent print

Superglue fuming

What item is NOT considered a porous surface

tile

Which of the following is NOT true about digital imagine

It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints

Physical developer contains

silver nitrate

Which of the following types of fingerprints are most likely to be found impressed in soft wax

hidden

Superglue fuming is NOT suitable for use on

cardboard

Currently, which of the following is most often used in conjunction with chemically induced fluorescence to visualize latent prints

high-intensity light source

After successfully visualizing a latent print on an object an investigator should next

take a 1:1 photograph of the print

Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of ____ and ____

bifurcations, ridge endings

The first systematic system of individual classification and identification was introduced by

Alphonse Bertillon

Chemical methods for developing latent fingerprints must be used in the following sequence

Iodine, Ninhydrin, Physical developer

The fingerprint pattern accounting for only 5 percent of all known patterns is the

arch

Protein residue are best developed into fingerprint impressions with

Ninhydrin

Which statement is true of a partial fingerprint

Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ride characteristics

Which of the following is NOT a ridge characteristic of a fingerprint

core

What is a loop pattern that originates from the left called (this on your left hand)

ulnar loop

These are measurements and analysis of unique physical or behavioral characteristics (as fingerprint or voice patterns) especially as a means of verifying personal identity

biometrics

A chemical method used for developing prints on nonporous surfaces is

fuming with cyanoacrylate

What was the original fingerprinting system adopted by Scotland Yard in 1901 which converted ridge patterns on all ten fingers into a series of letters and numbers arranged in the form of a fraction

Henry System

This uses a light source positioned at a low angle. This is usually used to show detail by creating shadows on the surface of the evidence

oblique lighting

He was a fingerprint pioneer. His perseverance resulted in the opening of a national fingerprint bureau in Ottawa the following year. Foster continued to head the bureau after it was absorbed by the RCMP until his retirement in 1932.

Foster

What are the four types of whorl patterns

Plain whorl, Central Pocket whorl, Double Loop whorl, Accidental whorl

What are the two type of arch patterns

Plain and Tented arch

What the three types of fingerprint patterns

loop, whorl, arch

4-step process used to identify and individualize a fingerprint (ACE-V)

Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation, Verification

what other physical features have technologies being developed to identify people

palm, lips, teeth, eyes, ear, voice, shoe print, footprint

Two types of glands in the subcutaneous skin that are responsible for latent fingerprints

Apocrine glands and Eccrine glands

Three law enforcement information systems

AFIS, IAFIS, CODIS

3 fundamental principles of fingerprints

-A fingerprint is an individual characteristic no two fingerprints are the same -A fingerprint will remain unchanged during an individual lifetime -Fingerprints have general ridge patterns that permit them to be classified

What case challenged the admissibility of fingerprints evidence

U.S. vs Bryon C. Mitchell