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Define Reversible reactions
can proceed in both the forward and reverse direction. physical changes are usually reversible.
Define equilibrium
rate of the forward reaction and reverse reaction are equal. no change in concentration
Define dynamic equilibrium
forward and reverse reactions occurs at the same rate, no change overall.
Define static equilibrium
the forward and reverse reactions are not occuring, no change at all.
Closed systems
no matter is transferred with the surroundings only energy
Open system
matter and energy exchanged with surroundings, no equilibrium
Conditions of collision theory
Collide with a minimum amount of kinetic energy and correct orientation.
Applying Collision theory what happens when conc. of reactants decreases
fewer successful collisions means a decrease in the rate of the forward reaction
Le Chatelier’s Prinicple
for a system at dynamic equilibrium, if a change is made to the conditions, the position of the equilibrium will shift to counteract the change.
What direction is favoured in an exothermic reaction
forward
What direction is favoured in an endothermic reaction
reverse
An increase in temperature for an exothermic reaction will result in which reaction being favoured?
reverse
What are the exclusions of Le Chatelier’s principle
can’t have a conc. of a liquid or a solid. Changing the amount of solid or liquid present will not affect the position of equilibrium.
What are the ways pressure can be increased?
pump more gas into the system, reduce the volume.
Using collision theory to describe increase conc. reactant.
Adding reactant, increase in reactant particles, increase in frequency of reactant collisions, more particles satisfy collision theory, increase in the rate of the forward reaction.
Using collision theory to describe increase pressure reactant.
increase pressure, increase in frequency of collisions for reaction with more particles, increase in the rate of reaction, reverse reaction speeds up more than forward
Endothermic graph’s second line is…
higher
Exothermic graphs second line is…
smaller
An increase in temperature favours which reaction
highest activation energy
An increase in temperature.
shift in the endothermic direction
A decrease in temperature.
shift in the exothermic direction
Formula for Keq
products/reactants
Define homogeneous reaction
both reactants and products are in the same state.
