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euro crisis
The ________ shook general faith in European unity, especially among conservatives.
Mikhail Khodorkovsky
The 2003 arrest and imprisonment for tax evasion and fraud of the corrupt oil billionaire ________, an Oligarch who had openly supported opposition parties, showed early in his rule that Putin and his United Russia Party would use state powers to stifle dissent.
rapid growth
The ________ of the Internet and social media raised complex questions related to personal privacy and politics.
Conservative Party
In Britain in January 2013, ________ leader and prime minister David Cameron (r. 2010-) pledged to hold an "in /out "popular vote on Britains membership in the EU within five years.
Digitalization
________ transformed familiar forms of communication in a few short decades.
interventionist stance
Putin also took an aggressive and at times ________ toward the Commonwealth of Independent States, a loose confederation of most of the former Soviet republics.
Environmental degradation
________ encompasses a number of problems beyond climate change.
President Yeltsin
________ and his economic reformers believed that shock therapy would revive production and bring widespread prosperity.
North America
The outsourcing of manufacturing jobs dramatically changed the nature of work in western Europe and ________.
toxic waste
Overfishing and ________ threaten the worlds oceans and freshwater lakes, which once seemed to be inexhaustible sources of food and drinking water.
American
________- led wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, undertaken in response to the September 11 terrorist attacks against the United States, further strained U.S.European relations.
Decolonization
________ and the Cold War sharpened antiWestern and particularly anti- U.S. sentiments among radical Islamists.
1991
Membership in the monetary union required states to meet strict financial criteria defined in the ________ Maastricht Treaty, which also set legal standards and anticipated the development of common policies on defense and foreign affairs.
oil
Burning ________ and coal releases massive amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, the leading cause of climate change or global warming.
great postcommunist tragedy
The ________ was Yugoslavia, which under Josip Broz Tito had been a federation of republics under centralized Communist rule.
Politics
________ and economics were closely intertwined in Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
ethnic diversity
The multiculturalism and ________ associated with globalization have inspired numerous works in literature, film, and the fine arts.
monetary union
Joining the ________ required national governments to meet stringent fiscal standards, impose budget cuts, and contribute to the EU operating budget.
Globalization
________ transformed the lives of millions of people, as the technological changes associated with postindustrial society remade workplaces and lifestyles around the world.
African American
The election of Barack Obama, Americas first ________ president, in 2008, and his re- election in 2012, brought improvement to U.S.- European foreign relations.
arrival of cable television
The ________, followed swiftly by DVDs and then online video streaming, enabled individuals to watch full- length movies or popular television shows on their personal computers or smartphones at any time and greatly diversified the options for home entertainment.
Immigration
________ is a highly charged political issue.
growth of immigration
The ________ and ethnic diversity created rich social and cultural interactions but also generated intense controversy and conflict in western Europe.
revolutions of 1989
The ________ accelerated the breakup of Yugoslavia.
Radical political Islam
________, a mixture of traditional religious beliefs and innovative social and political reform ideas, was at first a reaction against the foreign control and secularization represented by the mandate system established in the Middle East after World War I.
Note 
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