Anatomy and Physiology: Chapter 5-The Muscular System, Lesson 1-Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions (5.1)

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84 Terms

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Muscle Tissue

One of the four types of tissue in the body that enables movement through contraction.

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Types of Muscle Fibers

Three major categories: Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac.

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Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Attached to bones, voluntary, striated muscle fibers.

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Smooth Muscle Fibers

Found in hollow organs, involuntary, non-striated muscle fibers.

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Cardiac Muscle Fibers

Found in the heart, involuntary, striated muscle fibers.

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Striated

Visible stripes or striations under a microscope typical of skeletal and cardiac muscles.

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Voluntary Muscle

Muscles that can be controlled consciously.

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Involuntary Muscle

Muscles that are not under conscious control.

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Skeletal Muscle Fiber Structure

Composed of sarcolemma, cytoplasm, organelles, and endomysium.

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Fascicle

A bundle of muscle fibers wrapped in a layer of connective tissue.

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Paramycin

A strong, fibrous membrane that wraps around each fascicle.

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Epomycin

A thick, tough connective tissue that encloses all the fascicles in a muscle.

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Sarcolemma

The cell membrane surrounding a muscle fiber.

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Tendon

A cord-like structure connecting muscle to bone.

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Aponeurosis

A flat, sheet-like structure connecting muscle to bone.

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Multiple Nuclei

Characteristic of skeletal muscle fibers, indicating that they have more than one nucleus.

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Endomysium

A thin layer of connective tissue that wraps around each individual muscle fiber.

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Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane.

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Organelles

Small structures within the cell performing specific functions.

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Skeletal Muscle Characteristics

Striated, voluntary, and contains multiple nuclei.

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Contract

The process through which muscle fibers shorten and generate movement.

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Hollow organs

Organs such as the esophagus, stomach, and intestines where smooth muscle is found.

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Muscle Fiber

A single muscle cell.

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Bundles of Muscle Fibers

Groups of muscle fibers organized into fascicles.

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Muscle Bundles

Multiple bundles of muscle fibers wrapped in connective tissue.

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Connective Tissue Layers

Endomysium, paramycin, and epomycin that wrap around muscle fibers and bundles.

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Analogies for Muscle Structure

A muscle fiber can be compared to a straw, with layers representing different connective tissues.

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Functional Role of Skeletal Muscle

Allows for intentional movement and body function.

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Cardiac Muscle Location

Found in the heart and responsible for involuntary contractions.

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Skeletal Muscle Function

Facilitates movement by attaching to bones and contracting.

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Smooth Muscle Function

Controls movements in hollow organs involuntarily.

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Motor Control

The ability to consciously control voluntary muscle actions.

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Muscle Tissue Examples

Includes skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.

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Nucleus in Muscle Fibers

Skeletal muscle fibers have multiple nuclei per fiber.

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Straw and Muscle Fiber Analogy

The straw represents the muscle fiber, and the wrappers represent the sarcolemma and endomysium.

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Muscle Movement Mechanism

Muscles contract to cause movement.

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Connective Tissue Functions

Support and protect muscle fibers and bundles.

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Skeletal Muscle Characteristics Summary

Striated, voluntary control, and attachment to skeleton.

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Smooth Muscle Control

Not under conscious control, found in internal organs.

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Fascicle Arrangement

Fascicles are wrapped in connective tissue to form a muscle.

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Role of Tendons

Connect muscle to bone providing structure for movement.

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Epomycin Function

Encloses all the fascicles in a muscle.

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Importance of Muscle Tissue

Essential for bodily movement and organ function.

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Defining Skeletal Muscle

Muscle fiber attached to the skeleton enabling voluntary movement.

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Types of Contraction

Involuntary for smooth and cardiac, voluntary for skeletal muscle.

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Muscle Function in Body

Enables the body to move and function efficiently.

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Role of Endomysium

Surrounds individual muscle fibers to provide support.

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Tendons vs Ligaments

Tendons connect muscle to bone; ligaments connect bone to bone.

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Components of a Muscle Fiber

Includes sarcolemma, cytoplasm, organelles, and endomysium.

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Connective Tissue Role in Muscles

Connective tissues protect and support muscle fibers.

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Skeletal Muscle Examples

Muscles such as biceps and quadriceps that control voluntary movements.

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Muscle Contraction

The process by which muscle fibers generate force and shorten.

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Myofibrils

Thread-like structures making up muscle fibers, composed of sarcomeres.

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Sarcomere

The basic functional unit of a muscle fiber, responsible for contraction.

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Actin

A protein that forms thin filaments in muscle fibers.

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Myosin

A protein that forms thick filaments and interacts with actin during contraction.

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Neuromuscular Junction

The synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber.

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Motor Unit

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.

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Muscle Fatigue

A decline in the ability of a muscle to generate force.

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Isometric Contraction

Muscle contraction where tension develops but the muscle does not shorten.

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Isotonic Contraction

Muscle contraction where the muscle changes length while maintaining tension.

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Tropomyosin

A protein that blocks actin sites and inhibits contraction when muscle is relaxed.

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Troponin

A protein complex that regulates muscle contraction by controlling the interaction between actin and myosin.

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Eccentric Contraction

Lengthening of the muscle while it is under tension.

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Concentric Contraction

Shortening of the muscle while it is under tension.

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Lactic Acid

A byproduct of anaerobic respiration in muscles; builds up during intense exercise.

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Capillary Density

The number of capillaries surrounding muscle fibers, important for oxygen delivery.

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Hyperplasia

An increase in the number of muscle fibers.

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Hypertrophy

An increase in the size of muscle fibers, typically in response to resistance training.

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Muscle Tone

The continuous and passive partial contraction of muscles.

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Satellite Cells

Stem cells located in muscle tissue that facilitate growth and repair.

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Muscle Spindle

Sensory receptors located in muscles that sense stretch.

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Golgi Tendon Organ

Receptors that prevent excessive force by inhibiting muscle contraction.

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Type I Muscle Fibers

Slow-twitch fibers, fatigue-resistant, used for endurance activities.

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Type II Muscle Fibers

Fast-twitch fibers, less resistant to fatigue, used for short bursts of power.

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Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Also known as striated muscle fibers, controlled voluntarily and attached to bones.

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Smooth Muscle Fibers

Found in the walls of hollow organs, these fibers are involuntary and non-striated.

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Cardiac Muscle Fibers

Muscle fibers found in the heart, involuntary and striated.

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Fascicle

A bundle of muscle fibers wrapped in a layer of connective tissue called paramycin.

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Endomysium

A thin layer of connective tissue that wraps around each individual muscle fiber.

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Paramycin

A strong, fibrous membrane that wraps around each fascicle of muscle fibers.

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Epomycin

A thick, tough layer of connective tissue that encloses all the fascicles in a muscle.

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Tendon

A cord-like structure that connects muscle to bone.

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Aponeurosis

A flat, sheet-like structure that serves the same function as a tendon, but is flat rather than cord-like.