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Muscle Tissue
One of the four types of tissue in the body that enables movement through contraction.
Types of Muscle Fibers
Three major categories: Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac.
Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Attached to bones, voluntary, striated muscle fibers.
Smooth Muscle Fibers
Found in hollow organs, involuntary, non-striated muscle fibers.
Cardiac Muscle Fibers
Found in the heart, involuntary, striated muscle fibers.
Striated
Visible stripes or striations under a microscope typical of skeletal and cardiac muscles.
Voluntary Muscle
Muscles that can be controlled consciously.
Involuntary Muscle
Muscles that are not under conscious control.
Skeletal Muscle Fiber Structure
Composed of sarcolemma, cytoplasm, organelles, and endomysium.
Fascicle
A bundle of muscle fibers wrapped in a layer of connective tissue.
Paramycin
A strong, fibrous membrane that wraps around each fascicle.
Epomycin
A thick, tough connective tissue that encloses all the fascicles in a muscle.
Sarcolemma
The cell membrane surrounding a muscle fiber.
Tendon
A cord-like structure connecting muscle to bone.
Aponeurosis
A flat, sheet-like structure connecting muscle to bone.
Multiple Nuclei
Characteristic of skeletal muscle fibers, indicating that they have more than one nucleus.
Endomysium
A thin layer of connective tissue that wraps around each individual muscle fiber.
Cytoplasm
The jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane.
Organelles
Small structures within the cell performing specific functions.
Skeletal Muscle Characteristics
Striated, voluntary, and contains multiple nuclei.
Contract
The process through which muscle fibers shorten and generate movement.
Hollow organs
Organs such as the esophagus, stomach, and intestines where smooth muscle is found.
Muscle Fiber
A single muscle cell.
Bundles of Muscle Fibers
Groups of muscle fibers organized into fascicles.
Muscle Bundles
Multiple bundles of muscle fibers wrapped in connective tissue.
Connective Tissue Layers
Endomysium, paramycin, and epomycin that wrap around muscle fibers and bundles.
Analogies for Muscle Structure
A muscle fiber can be compared to a straw, with layers representing different connective tissues.
Functional Role of Skeletal Muscle
Allows for intentional movement and body function.
Cardiac Muscle Location
Found in the heart and responsible for involuntary contractions.
Skeletal Muscle Function
Facilitates movement by attaching to bones and contracting.
Smooth Muscle Function
Controls movements in hollow organs involuntarily.
Motor Control
The ability to consciously control voluntary muscle actions.
Muscle Tissue Examples
Includes skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.
Nucleus in Muscle Fibers
Skeletal muscle fibers have multiple nuclei per fiber.
Straw and Muscle Fiber Analogy
The straw represents the muscle fiber, and the wrappers represent the sarcolemma and endomysium.
Muscle Movement Mechanism
Muscles contract to cause movement.
Connective Tissue Functions
Support and protect muscle fibers and bundles.
Skeletal Muscle Characteristics Summary
Striated, voluntary control, and attachment to skeleton.
Smooth Muscle Control
Not under conscious control, found in internal organs.
Fascicle Arrangement
Fascicles are wrapped in connective tissue to form a muscle.
Role of Tendons
Connect muscle to bone providing structure for movement.
Epomycin Function
Encloses all the fascicles in a muscle.
Importance of Muscle Tissue
Essential for bodily movement and organ function.
Defining Skeletal Muscle
Muscle fiber attached to the skeleton enabling voluntary movement.
Types of Contraction
Involuntary for smooth and cardiac, voluntary for skeletal muscle.
Muscle Function in Body
Enables the body to move and function efficiently.
Role of Endomysium
Surrounds individual muscle fibers to provide support.
Tendons vs Ligaments
Tendons connect muscle to bone; ligaments connect bone to bone.
Components of a Muscle Fiber
Includes sarcolemma, cytoplasm, organelles, and endomysium.
Connective Tissue Role in Muscles
Connective tissues protect and support muscle fibers.
Skeletal Muscle Examples
Muscles such as biceps and quadriceps that control voluntary movements.
Muscle Contraction
The process by which muscle fibers generate force and shorten.
Myofibrils
Thread-like structures making up muscle fibers, composed of sarcomeres.
Sarcomere
The basic functional unit of a muscle fiber, responsible for contraction.
Actin
A protein that forms thin filaments in muscle fibers.
Myosin
A protein that forms thick filaments and interacts with actin during contraction.
Neuromuscular Junction
The synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber.
Motor Unit
A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.
Muscle Fatigue
A decline in the ability of a muscle to generate force.
Isometric Contraction
Muscle contraction where tension develops but the muscle does not shorten.
Isotonic Contraction
Muscle contraction where the muscle changes length while maintaining tension.
Tropomyosin
A protein that blocks actin sites and inhibits contraction when muscle is relaxed.
Troponin
A protein complex that regulates muscle contraction by controlling the interaction between actin and myosin.
Eccentric Contraction
Lengthening of the muscle while it is under tension.
Concentric Contraction
Shortening of the muscle while it is under tension.
Lactic Acid
A byproduct of anaerobic respiration in muscles; builds up during intense exercise.
Capillary Density
The number of capillaries surrounding muscle fibers, important for oxygen delivery.
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of muscle fibers.
Hypertrophy
An increase in the size of muscle fibers, typically in response to resistance training.
Muscle Tone
The continuous and passive partial contraction of muscles.
Satellite Cells
Stem cells located in muscle tissue that facilitate growth and repair.
Muscle Spindle
Sensory receptors located in muscles that sense stretch.
Golgi Tendon Organ
Receptors that prevent excessive force by inhibiting muscle contraction.
Type I Muscle Fibers
Slow-twitch fibers, fatigue-resistant, used for endurance activities.
Type II Muscle Fibers
Fast-twitch fibers, less resistant to fatigue, used for short bursts of power.
Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Also known as striated muscle fibers, controlled voluntarily and attached to bones.
Smooth Muscle Fibers
Found in the walls of hollow organs, these fibers are involuntary and non-striated.
Cardiac Muscle Fibers
Muscle fibers found in the heart, involuntary and striated.
Fascicle
A bundle of muscle fibers wrapped in a layer of connective tissue called paramycin.
Endomysium
A thin layer of connective tissue that wraps around each individual muscle fiber.
Paramycin
A strong, fibrous membrane that wraps around each fascicle of muscle fibers.
Epomycin
A thick, tough layer of connective tissue that encloses all the fascicles in a muscle.
Tendon
A cord-like structure that connects muscle to bone.
Aponeurosis
A flat, sheet-like structure that serves the same function as a tendon, but is flat rather than cord-like.
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