Transportation exam 2

UTK CE 455

Space Hour

unit of parking that defines the use of a single parking space for a period of one hour

Parking Volume

total number of vehicles that park in a study area during a specific length of time (usually a day) 

Parking Accumulation

number of parked vehicles in a study area at any specified time. plotted as a curve of parking accumulation against time, showing the accumulation over a day

Parking Load

area under the accumulation curve between two times in a day

Parking Duration

Length of time a vehicle is parked at a parking bay. when parking duration is given as an average, it indicates the frequency of a space becoming available

Parking Turnover 

rate of use of a parking space. parking volume (in a given time)/ number of spaces

Parking Study Process

inventory parking facilities, collect data on parking accumulation, identify parking generators, estimate parking demand

Parking Inventory

type and number of spaces, time of operation and limits, ownership, fees and collection methods, restrictions on use, other restrictions, and permanency

Turnover=

number of different vehicles parked/ number of parking spaces

Parking Lots Layout Issues

no parking adjacent to the building, parking spaces perpendicular to the building, aisles should not exceed 300-350’ in length, generous aisle and stall sizes in high-turnover lots= less generous in long term lots, parking angle, aisle and space dimensions, and overflow parking is some distance away

NACTO Principles

shorten signal cycles to increase turnover, prioritize walking/biking/transit, keep number of signal phases to a minimum, time signals to the speed you intend traffic to go, adjust timing for peak and off-peak volumes, and use fixed time signals as opposed to actuated time signals

In Parking We Study

demand, design, and management 

Parking Spaces comprise of

350-400 square feet each

Consequences Of Missing the Mark

too much parking, too little parking, mis-managed parking

Exceptions of Parking Generation

some land uses generate trips but not parking, parking generation and trip generation are not the same

Accumulation Check

parking occupancy during set intervals

Turnover and Duration

number of vehicles parked in the system to identify how long cars are parked and the turnover

Other layout issues

accessible spaces must be at least 8’ wide with pedestrian access of at least 5’ wide; van accessible spaces have to be either 11’ wide with pedestrian access of 5’ or 8’ wide with pedestrian access of 8’ wide. 

ITE parking generation rates are typically measured for

ample, convenient free parking in suburban areas with little public transit

Parking Management

public parking, parking maximum, parking requirements/adjustment factors, phasing parking, shared parking, regulating parking

Performance Pricing

charge for what people use, correct price doesn’t need time limits, set price so 15% is vacant, make meters efficient and user friendly, eliminate bulk discounts, unbundle parking from land use, and incentivize efficiency

How do we coordinate signals

X-T diagram, minimize delay, minimize stops, software

Separation of movements by space and/or time

space= horizontal or vertical, time= signals

Why coordinate?

progression and network efficiency

Factors that influence coordination

signal spacing, speed, rate of flow, dispersion, mid-block activities, signal length, offsets, and pedestrian crossing time

General Objectives

minimize stops, stops are not long, consider other modes (walking, biking, bus, etc)

Traffic Calming Purpose

slow cars down, reduce cut-through traffic

Traffic Calming Examples

Curb extension, traffic circle, cul-de-sac, chicane, diagonal divider

Connected Node Ratio (CNR)

number of intersections/(intersections+cul-de-sacs)

Link-Node Ratio (LNR)

number of links/number of nodes

Pedestrian Route Directness (PRD)

network distance/ Euclidean distance

Effective Walking Area (EWA)

number of parcels reached by ¼ mile walk / number of parcels in a ¼ mile radius buffer

ADA

Americans with Disabilities Act

Section 4

Accessible Elements and Spaces

Section 10

Transportation

General Provisions in ADA

sidewalks must be at least 36” wide, provide a 60”X60” passing area closer than 200’ apart, grates shall be < 0.5” in short direction and perpendicular to walkway