2.4-2.9 AP HuGe

demographic balancing equation

a simple equation used to describe the future population of a region of any scale

immigrants

people moving into a country

emigrants

people moving out of a country

crude birth rate

number of live births per year for every 1000 people

total fertility rate

average number of children born per woman in childbearing years in a country

(number) the replacement rate for a stable population

2.1

life expectancy

the average number of years people live

infant mortality rate

number of children, born alive, die before their first birthday per 1,000 births

crude death rate

deaths a year per 1,000 people

rate of natural increase

the percentage at which a country’s population is growing or declining, without the impact of migration

population doubling time

the time it takes for a population to double in size, estimated with an equation known as the rule of 70

rule of 70 (sometimes 72)

70/growth rate per year (sometimes 72)

demographic transition model

a model showing 5 typical stages of population change that countries experience as they modernize

demographic momentum

even though fertility has declined, people are living longer, resulting in population growth for the next 20-40 years

epidemiological transition model

an extension of the demographic transition model showing death rates and common causes of death within societies.

Malthusian theory

the theory that population will outgrow natural resources, specifically food, leading to widespread starvation.

Boserup theory

the theory that the more people there are, the more hands there are to work, rather than the more mouths to feed.

neo-Malthusians

modern believers of the Malthusian theory who argue that population growth is a great threat.

antinatalist policies

policies aiming to decrease the number of births in a country

pronatalist policies

policies aiming to increase the number of births in a country

dependency ratio

compares the amount of people in the nonworking parts of the population to the amount of people in the working parts

dependent population

people in society under 15 or over 64, who don’t tend to participate in the labor force