Foundation and Perspectives of Human Physiology

Flashcards on Human Physiology

Ciliary Body (corpus ciliare)

Joins the choroid to the margin of the iris and comprises the orbicularis ciliaris, the ciliary processes, and the ciliary muscle.

Orbiculus Ciliaris

A zone directly continuous with the anterior part of the choroid; contains no lamina a choriocapillaris.

Ciliary Processes (processus ciliares)

Plaiting and folding inward of the various layers of the choroid proper and the lamina hasalis.

Physiology

Provides the concept of dysfunctions, the basis of understanding disease processes and insights into disease management and prevention.

Physiology

The core of medical wisdom due to its contribution to the growth of medical knowledge.

Physiology

The study of body functions, their mechanisms, and regulations in all living organisms.

Medical Physiology

Application of knowledge of human physiology in the management of dysfunctions and diseases in human beings.

Physiology

A practitioner should have basic knowledge in this to become a good physician.

Knowledge in Physiology

Guides a physician to understand the principles of medical practice and the rationality of disease management.

Branches of Physiology

Includes human, cell, plant, evolutionary, defense, bacterial, viral, and molecular physiology.

Divisions of Human Physiology

Includes blood, renal, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, reproductive, gastrointestinal, exercise, and neurophysiology.

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)

Studied the organization of the human body systematically.

Claude Bernard (1813–1878)

Introduced the concept of milieu intérieur and emphasized integrated interrelation between living beings.

Walter Bradford Cannon (1871–1945)

Coined the word ‘Homeostasis’ and the term fight or flight response, expanded on Claude Bernard’s concept of homeostasis.

Emil Adolph Von Behring (1854–1917)

Awarded first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work on physiology of immunity and serum therapy.

Robert G. Edwards

Awarded the Nobel Prize for the development of in vitro fertilization.

Walther H Nernst (1864–1941)

Notable for the development of the Nernst equation and a major contributor to the study of membrane potential.

Sir John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, and Andrew Fielding Huxley

Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the nerve cell membrane.

Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann

Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for creating the experimental measuring device that conclusively proved the existence and function of ion channels.

Sydney Brenner, Horvitz and John E Sulston

Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for identifying genes that control apoptosis.

Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman

Awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.

International physiology societies

includes International Union of Physiology Society (IUPS), Australian Physiology Society, Canadian Physiology Society, Bulgarian Physiology Society.

African physiology societies

Includes African Association for Physiological Sciences (AAPS), Physiology Society of Nigeria (PSN).