Amoeba and Ciliates

Amoeba are ______?

Facultative protozoan parasites

Entamoeba histolytic will infect?

Dogs cats and humans

Entamoeba invadens will infect?

Reptiles

Acanthamoeba spp. will infect?

Humans and sporadically will infect animals

What does Naegleria fowleri infect?

Cattle, humans primates

What is a trophozoites?

Amoeboid, motile, feeding/ pathogenic form cause direct tissue damage

What is a cysts?

Round non-motile, will be environmentally resistant

Only the ___ form of amoeba will lead to active tissue invasion?

Trophozoites

Naegleria fowleri will only be infective by out route?

Nasal tract, climbs up nerves to brain

Acanthomeoba spp. will be infective where?

Occular, can get in many other routes as well though

Entamoeba spp. will typically be transmitted by?

Fecal oral ingestion

Amoeba infections are typically _____ but _______ and ______ animals can be more susceptible?

Asymptomatic

Young and immunocompromised

What are three mechanisms of amoeba causing pathogenesis?

Malabsorption - disruption of mucosa

Direct tissue destruction by feeding/ moving

Inflammation

Entamoeba histolytic will have cysts that look like what?

Round, 4 Nuclei blunt chromatoidal bar

Entamoeba histolytic Trophocytes will look like what?

One nucleus, central karyosome (look like macrophage)

Entamoeba histolytic looks identical to what?

Entamoeba invadens

Entamoeba invadens is not transmissible to ___?

Mammals

Entamoeba invadens can cause what?

Transmural necrohemorragic enterocolitis

Where does Entamoeba invadens usually go if it is etraintestinal?

Liver via the portal vein causing necrotizing hepatitis from

Acanthomeoba spp. can be _____ or ___?

Widespread or local

Trophozites of Acanthomeoba spp. will have?

Fillamentous pseudopods

What can Naegleria fowleri cause?

primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)

What is the most known therapy of amoebic infections in animals?

Metronidazole (inhibits DNA synthesis)

What animals can not have metronidazole due to the FARAD regulations?

Food animals

What are cilates?

Usually commensal/ nonpathogenic protozoans

Where can we normally find a ciliate?

Forestomach of ruminants and hindgut of horses

Balantidum coli?

One of the possible pathogenic forms of GI ciliates

What is the reservoir for Balantidum coli?

Pigs