Lymphatic system

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26 Terms

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lymphatic system functions

  1. Produces, maintain, & distributes lymphocytes

  2. Return fluids from the peripheral tissue to blood

  3. Distribute hormones, nutrients, waste products from tissue origin to blood circulation

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lymph node

Monitors/cleans the composition of lymph

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Spleen

Monitors/clean circulating blood

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Thymus

Controls development and maintenance of T-lymphocytes

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Lymphatic vessel

Thin, walled tubes distributed throughout the body

  • Function: to carry lymph from the peripheral tissue to the cardiovascular system

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Lymphatic capillaries (microscopic tubes)

made up of endothelium

  • like blood capillaries but more permeable

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Lymph

once the interstitial fluid drains into lymphatic capillaries

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Flow of lymph

  1. Lymphatic capillaries

  2. Larger lymphatic vessels

  3. Thoracic duct OR right lymphatic duct

  4. Left or right subclavian vein

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Thoracic duct

Arises in abdominal cavity, goes up towards the neck and empties into left subclavian vein

  • Drain entire body below diaphragm & the left half of body above diaphragm

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right lymphatic duct

Empties into right subclavian vein

  • Drain right half of body above diaphragm

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Capsule

Fibrous outer cover of the entire lymph node; helps protects the lymph node

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trabeculum/trabecula

Tissue that divides up the lymph node into compartments

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Afferent lymphatic vessels

Vessels that bring in lymph; always located in the larger curved outer area of the node

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Efferent lymphatic vessel

Vessel that removes lymph out of the lymph node; always located near hilum/hilus

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Hilum/hilus

The indentation on the outer part of the lymph node

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Sinuses

Spaces or channel that carry lymph throughout the lymph node (also have fibers throughout); named after the location inside the node—subcapsular sinus, cortical sinus, medullary sinus

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Subcapsular space

Located right below the capsule

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Cortex

Located between subcapsular space and the medulla; contain the germinal centers (shaped like a triangle) & the cortical sinuses and is divided by the trabeculae

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Medulla

Location where all of the cortex regions merge together; last area prior to lymph leaving the lymph node

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Lymph sinuses

“Empty” spaces that hold lymph capillaries (where lymph flows) & that contain fibers

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Macrophages

Phagocytize (ingest) foreign matter in lymph

  • Majority live in the fibers of medullary sinus & a few live in the subcapsular sinus

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T cells

Manage the immune response (some directly attack & destroy foreign cells)

  • Located in the medulla only

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B cell

Protected the body by producing plasma cells (daughter cells that secrete antibodies into the blood)

  • Antibodies immobilize pathogen until it is destroyed by a macrophage

located in cortex & medulla

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Spleen

Filters blood (macrophages in spleen remove bacteria & other pathogen) **does not filter lymph

  • Destroys old red blood cells & recycled their parts

  • Provided a reservoir of blood (storage)

  • Active in immune response (has B & T cells)

  • Produces blood cells (during fetal development

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Thymus

Promotes the maturation of T lymphocytes

→ immature T cells go from red bone marrow (through blood) to thymus

  • Concentration in the thymus & mature

  • Leave into blood or lymph vessels & migrate to other lymphatic tissues/organs and become active in immune response

  • No filtering function; no afferent vessels, only efferent vessels

  • Does not plug a direct role in immune response

  • Pathogen free environment

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tonsils & pever’s patches (appendix included)

  • Form a ring of lymphatic tissue around the entrance of pharynx (throat)

  • Gather & remove pathogens entering the pharynx (through air & food)

  • “Invite pathogens” so they can be remembered