distinctive landscapes - gcse geography ocr

what are the geomorphic processes

• weathering (chemical, biological, mechanical)

• erosion (hydraulic action, abrasion, solution, attrition)

• mass movement (sliding, slumping, rock falls)

• transport (solution, saltation, traction, suspension)

• deposition

what are concordant coastlines

where the bands of resistant and non-resistant rocks are parallel to the sea

what are discordant coastlines

where the bands of resistant and non-resistant rocks are perpendicular to the sea

• create headlands and bays

how do stumps occur

• crack in resistant rock is made through a weakness in the rock and hydraulic action

• the crack forms into a cave through hydraulic action

• cave forms into an arch from further hydraulic action

• the arch forms into a stack through chemical weathering

• the stack forms into a stump through more chemical weathering - hydraulic action can also play into it

what is a spit

• formed through longshore drift at the end of a coastline.

• can curve from strong winds and waves - makes a sharp bend

• mudford spit

what is a bar

• formed when a spit joins 2 headlands together

• cutz bay from the sea

• creates a lagoon

• made from longshore drift and prevailing winds

tombolo

• formed when a spit joins to another island creating a ‘bridge’ between the two

• chesil beach

What is the natural greenhouse effect?

The natural greenhouse effect is the process by which certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat, preventing it from escaping into space and thereby keeping the planet warm enough to support life.

What are the causes of natural climate change?

1. Sun Spots: Variations in solar radiation due to the number of sunspots affect Earth's climate.

2. Volcanic Eruptions: Eruptions can release ash and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, cooling the planet temporarily.

3. Milankovitch Cycles: These are long-term changes in Earth's orbit and tilt that affect climate patterns over thousands of years.

the Jurassic coast - land forms