hypothalamus and pituitary

hypothalamus

connection between neuro & endocrine systems— structure that controls sleep, hunger, fatigue, thirst, emotional attachment, bonding, body temp, circadian rhythms? (almond sized)

posterior pituitary

made up of neuron axons from hypothalamus, neuroendocrine, releases ADH & oxytocin

anterior pituitary

proctected by sella turcia of sphenoid bone, endocrine, glandular portion, releases ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH

stored in transport vesicles in the end of neurons in Post-Pituitary

what happens after hormones travel down axons of hypothalamus neurons? (hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract)

make you lose water

what is a diuretic?

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

PP small peptide hormone stimulated by low blood volume or high osmolarity of blood, inhibited by high blood volume or low osmolarity——stimulates kidneys to retain more water, causing thirst, or increasing blood pressure

oxytocin

PP small peptide hormone stimulated by nipple stim, stretch of uterus, stimulation of cervix—-causes smooth muscle contraction of uterus (labor/menstruation), cervix (to aid sperm in sex or prepare for labor), mammary glands (let down reflex)

oxytocin other effect

“love hormone”—emotional bonding

pitocin

synthetic version of oxytocin used to stimulate labor

GH (Growth Hormone)

AP protein hormone that stimulates growth (protein synthesis via insulin-like growth factors

GH metabolic effects

metabolic effects of this hormone stimulate fat breakdown and spare glucose (to keep it available)

Gigantism

condition resulting in prepuberty excess of GH

acromegaly

condition caused by a tumor postpuberty resulting in excess of GH, causes thickening of bones, cartilage and large extremities

dwarfism

condition where an underdeveloped pituitary gland caused a deficit of GH or IGH receptors, treatment is GH supplement

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

AP glycoprotein hormone that stimulates the release of T3 and T4 (which stimulate metabolism), causes growth of thyroid gland (tropic and trophic hormone)

TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone)

hypothalamic hormone that controls the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland

PRL (Prolactin)

AP protein hormone that stimulates milk production in mammary glands, simtulated by estrogen during menstrual cycle and nipple stim by infant

ACTH (Adenocorticotropic Hormone)

AP peptide hormone stimulated by fever, stress, low blood glucose or daily rhythym that stimulates the release of cortisol from adrenal gland (also growth of adrenal gland) inhibited by release of cortisol

Gonadotropic Hormone— FSH & LH

glycoprotein hormones that stimulate the testes and ovaries to grow—inhibited by testosterone and estrogen & progesterone release by testes and ovaries