Rad 130 - structure of matter part 2

complexity

The periodic table placed elements based on

1

The smallest / simplest atom has an atomic number of

valence (outermost) shell can only have 8 electrons

What is the octet rule?

8

How many groups are in the periodic table?

# electrons in the outermost (valence) shell

In the periodic table, groups indicate the number of what?

top/columns

In the periodic table, groups are labeled how? (top/columns, or left/rows)

left/rows

In the periodic table, periods are labeled how? (top/columns, or left/rows)

# of electron shells

In the periodic table, what does the period number indicate?

2

How many electron shells will oxygen have?

6

How many electrons will oxygen have in the valence shell?

2

How many electrons will oxygen have in the K shell?

L

Which shell will be the outermost shell for oxygen?

6

How many shells will Lead have?

4

How many valence electrons will lead have?

electrons are not added to the next outermost shell, they are added to an inner shell

How is the 4th period different?

2n^2

How are the max number of electrons in any shell calculated?

the shell number

in 2n^2, what is the n?

3

Shell M is which number?

2n^2

M=3

2(3)^2

2(9)

=18

In an atom with 7 shells, how many electrons can the M shell hold?

strength of attachment of electron to nucleus

What is electron binding energy?

higher

Do electrons closer to the nucleus have higher or lower binding energy?

K

Which shell has the highest binding energy?

more

Higher total number of electrons are more or less tightly bound?

more

Does it take more or less energy to ionize a large atom?

center seeking force

keeps electrons in orbit, attracting electron to nucleus

What is centripetal force?

flying out form the center

allows electrons to maintain their distance from the nucleus

What is centrifugal force?

excess energy is released

After ionization, when electron moves from outer shell to inner, what happens?

the difference in energy levels of the two shells

When an electron moves to an inner shell and excess energy is released, what determines the amount of energy released?

Characteristic xray photons

When excess energy is released from electrons moving to an inner shell from an outer shell, what does this create?

K shell

Which shell has the highest binding energy?

outermost

Which shell has the lowest binding energy?

protons

The number of ___ in an atom determines what element it is

atomic mass number

What is the A#

number of protons

What is the Z#

same

what does iso mean?

atoms with the same number of protons (Z#) but different number of neutrons and different atomic mass A#

What is an isotoPe?

protons stay the same

Why would an isotope element not change if the atomic mass (a#) changes?

atoms with the same number of atomic mass (a#), but different number of protons (z#) and neutrons

What is an isobAr?

the number of protons changed

Why does an isobar element change if the atomic mass doesn't change?

atoms with the same number of neutrons , but different number of protons (a#) and different z#

What is an isotoNe?

isotope

different a#

same z#

same number of Protons

different number of neutrons

=

isobar

same A#

different z#

different number of protons

different number of neutrons

isotone

Different a#

Different z#

Different number of protons

Same number of Neutrons

3 (superscript)

Which is the A# (atomic mass)?

1 (subscript)

Which is the atomic number?

isotope (number of protons stays the same)

Is this an isotope, isobar, or isotone?

isobAr (atomic mass stays the same)

Is this an isotope, isobar, or isotone?

isotone (atomic mass changes, number of protons changes, Neutrons stay the same)

Is this an isotope, isobar, or isotone?

atoms with the same atomic number (z#), same atomic mass (a#), but different Energy states

What is an isomEr?

nucleon arrangement

Identical atoms exist at different energy states due to differences in

substance consisting of atoms which all have the same number of protons and same chemical properties

What is an element?

2 or more atoms of elements combined

What is a molecule?

smallest part of an element that has the properties of that element

What is an atom?

2 atoms share the outer shell electron

What is a covalent bond?

one atom gives up it's electron to another

What is an ionic bond?

one atom is negative and one is positive,

they are electrically attracted to each other

What happens to the charge of ionically bonded atoms?

isotoPe (protons stayed the same)

Is this an isotope, isobar, or isotone?

IsotoNe (neutrons the same)

Is this an isotope, isobar, or isotone?

IsobAr (atomic mass the same)

Is this an isotope, isobar, or isotone?