Restorative Art I WK 7

Proportion

The relationship of the size of one feature as compared with another feature or with the width or length of the face.

Highlight

Surfaces lying at right angles to the source of illumination which reflect the maximum amount of light, indicating a raised area or projection.

Shadow

Surfaces which do not lie at right angles to the source of illumination or are obscured by other surfaces and which reflect little or no light, indicating creases, grooves, or shallow depressions.

Frontal View

A photo view from the front that shows proportions and symmetry/asymmetry.

Profile View

A photo view from the side that shows the degree of projection of facial features.

3/4 View

A photo view that suggests the profile form and reveals the degree of cheek fullness.

Convex Profile

A facial profile in which the forehead recedes posteriorly from the eyebrows and the chin recedes less than the superior mucous membrane. This is the most common facial profile

Concave Profile

A facial profile in which the forehead protrudes from the eyebrows and the chin protrudes more than the superior mucous membrane. This is the least common facial profile.

Vertical Profile

A facial profile in which the forehead, upper lip, and chin project to an imaginary vertical line.

Bilateral Form

The head and facial features have bilateral form, meaning there are two sides.

Snapshots

Amateur photos that reveal imperfections. Recent, sharp snapshots with normal lighting are best.

Portraits

Professional photos that are often touched up and lack realistic imperfections.

Inversion Technique

Turning the photo upside down to highlight asymmetries.

Normal Lighting

From above, best for restoration.

Directional Lighting

Distorts normal highlight and shadow relationships.

Flat Lighting

Eliminates most/all shadow.

Proportion Method

Uses cross multiplication to determine the proper size/form of a missing or distorted feature

Scale Method

Estimates the actual distance between two locations using a ratio

Proportions

The relationship of the size of one feature compared to another or to the face's width or length.

Facial Proportions

Mathematical relationship of the size of the features to each other and/or to the head.

Length

Vertical measurements

Width

Horizontal measurements

Standard Proportions of the Face

The length of the face is measured from the normal hairline to the base of the chin.

The width of the face is equal to 2/3 the length of the face (at the widest point).

Divisions of Length

The length of the face is divided into thirds.

The lower third of the face can further be subdivided into thirds.

Divisions of Width

The standard unit of width measurement on the human face is one eye. This is the individual's eye width, measured from one canthus to the other.

Length/Width Alignments:

The medial corner of the eye is on the same vertical plane as the outside of the wing of the nose.

The corner of the mouth is on the same vertical plane as the center of the eye.

Combination Profiles

Six additional profile classifications are determined by combining parts of the three basic profiles into a total of nine possible facial profiles.

First Term

Refers to the forehead (upper part of the face).

Second Term

Refers to the chin (lower part of the face).

Oval

The “ideal shape”. Cheekbones wider than the cranium. Cranium slightly wider than lower jaw

Round

Short with full cheeks + rounded fuller jawline. Rounded cranium

Square

Appears short + composed of straight lines. Forehead jawline + cheeks approximately the same weight

Triangle

The least common. Appears wider at the jawline than at cheekbone + forehead. Forehead is most narrow feature. Eyes close - set

Inverted Triangle

Jawline is more narrow than cheekbone or forehead. Forehead is widest feature. Eyes widest

Diamond

Wide cheekbones. Narrow forehead + jawline. Greatest width is across cheekbone

Oblong

Long + narrow. Forehead + chin round or square. Nose usually long