A&P 1 Nervous System Lab Practical

Main Regions of the brain

Cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum and brain stem

Cerebrum

top, biggest part, thinking

Cerebral Hemispheres

left and right halves of the brain

Corpus Callosum

Fibers connecting both halves of the brain, c shaped structure

Fornix

fiber tract linking limbic system regions

Longitudinal Fissure

big divide of cerebral hemispheres

Gyrus

raised bumpy grooves of cerebrum

Sulcus

lower pit of cerebrum

Diencephalon

made up of epithalamus, thalamus and hypothalamus

Thalamus

bilateral egg shaped nuclei connected by interthalamic adhesion and forming superior wall of 3rd ventricle. relay station for info coming from cortex.

Hypothalamus

forms floor of 3rd ventricle , cap over brain dtem and 3rd ventricle. Visceral control center, 3 fs

Pineal Gland

a pea-sized conical mass of tissue behind the third ventricle of the brain, secreting a hormone like substance in some mammals.

Infundibulum

the hollow stalk that connects the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland.

Pituitary Gland

the major endocrine gland. A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, the pituitary is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.

Cerebellum

"little brain" attach to the top of the brain stem. Components include vermis, arbor vitale, cortex, peduncles

Brain Stem

Continuation of spinal cord. Contains medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

Midbrain

a small central part of the brainstem, developing from the middle of the primitive or embryonic brain.

Corpora Quadrigemina

largest mid brain nuclei, made up of superior colliculus and inferior colliculi

Pons

bulging brain stem region between midbrain and medulla.

Medulla Oblongata

most inferior part of brain stem, eventually becomes spinal cord. Autonomic reflex center.

Cranial Nerves

Olfactory (S) smell

Optic (S) vision

Oculomotor (M): pupil dilation

Trochlear(M) eye movement

Trigeminal (B) sensory and motor control of face

Abducens (M): eye movement

Facial (B) facial movement

Vestibulocochlear (S) hearing and balance

Glossopharyngeal (B): control of muscles used for swallowing

Vagus (B): stimulation of the diaphragm

Accessory spinal (M): control muscle movement of head

Hypoglossal (M): control of the tongue

Cranial Nerve 1 or olfactory bulb

neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, or the sense of smell. Flow of olfactory information from receptors to glomeruli layer

Cranial Nerve 2 or optic nerve

each of the second pair of cranial nerves, transmitting impulses to the brain from the retina at the back of the eye.

Optic Chiasma

the X-shaped structure formed at the point below the brain where the two optic nerves cross over each other

Septum Pellucidum

separates lateral ventricles

choroid plexus

network of capillaries in ventricle walls

lateral ventricle

2 lateral ventricles. one in each cerebral hemisphere.

third ventricle

formed from diencephalon. Superior to hypothalamus; lies between right/left halves of thalamus

cerebral aqueduct

connects 3rd and 4th ventricle

fourth ventricle

runs through brain stem (midbrain) and becomes the central canal of the spinal cord.

white matter

made up of myelinated axons found largerly in CNS. Cerebral cortex, outer surface of spinal chord

grey matter

made up of unmyelinated axons and cell bodies. Slower signal transmission. inner layer of spinal cord.

spinal cord

attaches to the brain via brain stem. extends to lumbar vertebra. Housed in vertebral column, CSF runs through central canal.

meninges

dura, arachnoid and pia mater

falx cerebri

crescent-shaped fold of meningeal layer of dura mater that descends vertically in the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres.

cervical/lumbar enlargement

2 enlargements where nerves serving upper and lower limbs arise

conus medullaris

tappered cone shaped end of spinal column found between L1 and L2

cauda equina

collection of spinal nerves that extend like wisps of hair

filum terminale

fibrous extension of the conus covered by pia mater

Ventral horn

multipolar motor nerve cell bodies

lateral horn

Dorsal horn

dorsal funiculus

ventral funiculus

lateral funiculus

central canal

filled with cerebral spinal fluid

gray commissure

cross bar of butterfly

posterior median sulcus

anterior median sulcus

dorsal root

attach to the dorsal horn of the root ganglia on the spinal cord

dorsal root ganglion

cell body of sensory neurons attached to dorsal horn of spinal cord

ventral root

origin of motor neurons attached to ventral horn on the spinal cord