LIPIDS: PART 3

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 5 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/160

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

161 Terms

1
New cards

Fixed Oils and Fats  

  • Contain primarily triglyceride esters, with some free acids

2
New cards

Fats

  • are lipids (usually from animals

  • solid at room temp

3
New cards

Fixed Oils

  • are lipids (usually from plants

  • liquid at room temp

4
New cards

Fixed Oils are called “fixed” because

  • they can not be volatilized by heat at ordinary pressures without decomposition

5
New cards

Degree of unsaturation

is often titrated and measured as the iodine value; correlated with their drying capacity

6
New cards

IV: >120

drying

7
New cards

IV: 100-119

semi-drying

8
New cards

IV:<100

non-drying

9
New cards

drying

linseed (flax)

safflower (kasubha)

cod liver

poppy

castor

10
New cards

semi-drying

cottonseed

sunflower

mustard


(cocopese)

11
New cards

non-drying

olive, fish, palm

12
New cards

Intramuscular (IM) inj. solvents are SEMI-DRYING

  • COCOPESE (cottonseed, corn, peanut, sesame oils)

13
New cards

Seeds

are most common sources of fixed oils

14
New cards

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

is used for the synthesis of lipids

15
New cards

Fixed oils can also be obtained from

fruit pericarps (or fruit wall) (ex. Elaeis guineensis)

16
New cards

Cotton seeds

delinting (removal of cotton fiber or cellulose)

17
New cards

Castor seeds & Ground Nuts (peanut)

decorticating (removal of the kernel, pericarps, coverings to get the seed)

18
New cards

Castor

also has to be steamed to inactivate lipase

19
New cards

With seeds from various plants, the remaining “cake” usually forms a

valuable cattle feed

20
New cards

Examples: Fixed Oils

  • castor oil

  • cottonseed oil

  • corn oil

  • sesame oil

  • peanut oil

  • almond oil

  • ethiodized oil

  • olive oil

  • palm kernel oil

  • soybean oil

  • linseed oil

  • safflower oil

  • enevning primrose oil

  • coconut oil

  • chaulmoogra oil

  • persic oil

  • sunflower oil

  • rapeseed/ canola

  • saw palmetto

  • hydrogenated vegetable oil

21
New cards

Examples: Fats

  • cocoa butter

  • cod liver oil

  • lanolin

  • suet

  • lard

22
New cards

Castor Oil

synonym

23
New cards

Castor Oil

scientific name

24
New cards

Castor Oil

family

Euphorbiaceae)

25
New cards

Castor Oil


constituent

Ricinoleic acid / Triricinolein

26
New cards

Ricinoleic acid:

Purgative properties

27
New cards

R. zanzibarinus -

high ricinoleic acid content

28
New cards

Castor oil is obtained by

decortications

29
New cards

Pomade from castor

contains an allergen

30
New cards

Castor oil is used as

  • plasticizer in flexible collodion*, stiffening agent, lubricant for combustion engines

31
New cards

Castor oil

Once a domestic purgative

32
New cards

Castor oil

  • Restricted to hospital use for

administration as cathartic for food poisoning and preliminary to intestinal examination

33
New cards

Nonionic surfactants (polyethoxylated castor oils)

- used on IV preparations which contain drugs of low aqueous solubility

34
New cards

Castor oil

caution

  • Contains toxic lectin known as ricin - poisonous at high amounts

35
New cards

allied drugs of castor

  • croton tiglium (purging cotton)

  • jatropha curcas (physic nut/ purgin nut)

  • arbus precatorius (prayer beads)

36
New cards

croton tiglium (purging cotton)

  • crotin, similar to ricin

  • phorbols- cocarcinogens and inflammatory and vesicant

  • violent cathartic

37
New cards

jatropha curcas (physic nut/ purgin nut)

curcin

38
New cards

arbus precatorius (prayer beads)

  • abrin

  • used for abortion and contraception

39
New cards

Cottonseed Oil

scientific name

Gossypium hirsutum

40
New cards

Cottonseed Oil

family

Malvaceae

41
New cards

Cottonseed Oil

constituent

  • Oleic 

  • Linoleic

42
New cards

Cottonseed Oil

uses

  • Used for manufacture of soap

  • Solvent for intramuscular injection

  • Solvent for number of injections, hydrogenated and used to make substitutes for lard

43
New cards

Cottonseed Oil contains

 gossypol

44
New cards

 gossypol

male contraceptive in China

45
New cards

 Corn Oil

scientific name

Zea mays

46
New cards

 Corn Oil

family

Poaceae

47
New cards

 Corn Oil

constituent

  • Oleic 

  • Linoleic

48
New cards

 Corn Oil

uses

  • Semi-drying oil for IM injections

  • High-calorie dietary supplement

  • Hydrogenated oil is semisolid and used in baking

  • Used in salads

  • Solvent for irradiated ergosterol

  • Germ oil cake:  cattlefeed

49
New cards

Sesame Oil

synonyms

Linga (Ph)

Gingelly oil

Teel oil

Benne oil

50
New cards

Sesame Oil

scientific name

Sesamum indicum

51
New cards

Sesame Oil

constituents

  • Oleic 

  • Linoleic

52
New cards

Sesame Oil

family

Pedaliaceae

53
New cards

Sesame Oil

uses

  • Semi-drying oil for intramuscular injection

  • Nutritive, laxative, demulcent, and emollient

54
New cards

Sesamolin:

synergist for pyrethrum insecticides

55
New cards

Sesame lignans:

potential reduction in serum cholesterol and increased vitamin E activities

56
New cards

sesame oil ID test

Baudoin test

57
New cards

Baudoin test

HCl containing 1% sucrose (with shaking)

58
New cards

Baudoin test

(+) pink

59
New cards

Current BP test for absence of sesame

acetic anhydride + furfuraldehyde + sulfuric acid

60
New cards

Current BP test for absence of sesame

(+) bluish- green

61
New cards

Peanut Oil

synonyms

62
New cards

Peanut Oil

scientific name

Arachis hypogaea

63
New cards

Peanut Oil

family

Fabaceae

64
New cards

Peanut Oil

constituents

  • Oleic (~50%)

  • Linoleic 

  • Arachidic

65
New cards

Peanut Oil

uses

  • Semi-drying oil for intramuscular injection

  • One of the most likely adulterants of other fixed oils

  • Used in production of margarine, cooking fats, etc.

  • Lubricant, and forms excellent, firm, white soap

66
New cards

Almond Oil

scientific name

Prunus amygdalus 

  • var. dulcis (sweet)

  • var. amara (bitter)

67
New cards

Almond Oil

family

Rosaceae

68
New cards

Almond Oil

constituents

Oleic (~60-80%)

69
New cards

Sweet almonds

used as food, but bitter almonds are not

70
New cards

Almond Oil

  • Benzaldehyde and HCN are separated by

steam distillation

71
New cards

Almond Oil

uses

  • Used for many toilet articles and as vehicle for oily injections

  • Internally, causes mild laxative action

  • Emollient and ingredient in cosmetics

72
New cards

Ethiodized Oil

scientific name

Papaver somniferum

73
New cards

Ethiodized Oil

family

Papaveraceae

74
New cards

Ethiodized Oil

  • Iodine addition product of the ethyl ester of fatty acids of poppy seed oil

  • Decomposes when exposed to air and sunlight, becoming dark brown

  • Is a radiopaque and used in hysterosalpingography* and lymphography*

75
New cards

Ethiodized Oil

  • Uterus and fallopian tubes

  • Lymph vessels of the feet or hands

  • Imaging of liver tumors in adults

76
New cards

Olive Oil

synonyms

Salad Oil 

Sweet Oil

77
New cards

Olive Oil

scientific name

Olea europaea

78
New cards

Olive Oil

family

Oleaceae

79
New cards

Olive Oil

constituent

Oleic

80
New cards

Olive Oil

odor is due to

C6 alcohols like hexanol and hexenols

81
New cards

Olive Oil

  • Subsequently expressed oils are of lower quality (classes/grade)

  • Virgin oil: gently pressed (first class, extra virgin oil more expensive)

  • 2) Second grade: more pressure

  • 3) Technical oil: hot water is used

  • 4) Sulfur olive oil: CS2

  • 5) Tournant oil: from refuse olives (did not pass quality control)

82
New cards

Virgin oil:

gently pressed (first class, extra virgin oil more expensive)

83
New cards

Second grade:

more pressure

84
New cards

Technical oil:

hot water is used

85
New cards

Sulfur olive oil:

CS2

86
New cards

Tournant oil:

from refuse olives (did not pass quality control)

87
New cards

Olive oil

uses

  • preparation of soaps, plastics, salads

  • Retardant for dental cements, preparation of soaps, plasters, and liniments

  • Demulcent, emollient, laxative

88
New cards

Palm Kernel Oil 


scientific name

Elaeis guineensis

89
New cards

Palm Kernel Oil 


family

Arecaceae

90
New cards

Palm Kernel Oil 


constituents

  • Palmitic 

  • Oleic

91
New cards

Palm Kernel Oil 

uses

 cooking oil

92
New cards

Palm Kernel obtaines by

  • heating separated seeds for 4-6 hours, then cracked and kernels removed (through decortication)

93
New cards

Soybean Oil

scientific name

Glycine max

94
New cards

Soybean Oil

family

(Fabaceae)

95
New cards

Soybean Oil

constituents

  • Oleic

  • Linoleic

96
New cards

Soybean Oil

  • Varnish, insulator, other products

  • Not useful as cooking oil

97
New cards

Lecithin:

for deranged lipid and cholesterol metabolism

98
New cards

Partially hydrogenation soybean oil:

for oral preps

99
New cards

Soybean cake: 

livestock food

100
New cards

Soybean meal:

used for detection of urea nitrogen in blood serum (soybean contains urease)