Crime Scene & Death Investigation; how death c/b ______ is shown

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54 Terms

1

Chain of custody

 the documented and unbroken transfer of evidence.

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2

Circumstantial evidence

Indirect evidence that can be used to imply a fact but does NOT directly prove it, only the suspect and victim see the evidence left at the crime scene (understanding how it was used, but examiners can only IMPLY bc. they weren’t there)

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3

Class evidence

material that connects an individual or thing to a certain group (see individual evidence).

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4

Crime-scene investigation

 a multidisciplinary approach in which scientific and legal professionals work together to solve a crime

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5

Crime-scene reconstruction

a hypothesis of the sequence of events from before the crime was committed through its commissions

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6

Direct evidence

evidence that (if true) proves an alleged fact, such as an eyewitness account of a crime;Firsthand observations such as eyewitness accounts or police dashboard video cameras

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7

Individual evidence

 a kind of evidence that identifies a particular person or thing

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8

Paper bindle

a folded paper used to hold trace evidence

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9

Primary crime scene

- the location where the crime took place.

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10

Secondary crime scene

a location other than the primary crime scene, but that is in some way related to the crime, where evidence is found.

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11

Trace evidence

 small but measurable amounts of physical or biological material found at a crime scene

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12

Goal of Crime-scene investigation

recognize, document and collect evidence at the scene of a crime

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13

Who documented the crime scene and collects physical evidence?

crime-scene investigators

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14

Typically first to arrive on scene:

police officers; district attorney may be present if search warrant is necessary

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15

Circumstantial Evidence can be either__________

Biological (ex: body fluids, hair, etc.) or physical (ex: fingerprints, footprints, tire impressions, etc.), or TRACE EVIDENCE

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16

What determine the extent of trace evidence?

intensity, duration, and nature of materials in contact

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17

Example of trace evidence:

Located used evidence from under a female victim’s fingernails to help identify her attacker

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18

Trace evidence bears a ___________ to a crime

silent witness

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19

Who can trace evidence be found on (remember physical transfer=trace evidence)

both persons

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20

Dr. Edmond Locard’s Principle of Exchange

When a person comes into contact with an object or another person, a cross-transfer of physical evidence can occur

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21

Physical transfer of evidence

two people come into contact with eachother

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22

Medical examiners role in crime-scene investigation:

determine probable cause of death

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23

Detectives role in crime-scene investigation

look for leads by interviewing witnesses and talk to the crime-scene investigators about the evidence

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24

Forensic Specialist such as ____________ may be consulted if evidence requires their expertise

entomologist, forensic psychologists

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25

The Seven “S’s” of Crime-Scene Investigation

Securing the scene, Separating the witness, Scanning the scene, Sketching the scene, Searching for evidence, Securing and Collecting evidence

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26

Securing the scene is the responsibility of whom?

police officer (first responder)

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27

What is first priority for securing the scene? what’s second?

safety of all individuals, preservation of evidence

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28

Separating the witnesses prevents…

witnesses working together to create a story (collusion)

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29

Example of primary crime scene and secondary crime scene

robbery in front of a store- primary, and the home of a suspect-secondary

place of murder-primary, where course is found- secondary

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30

Seeing the scene means_______needs to see the scene and photos of overall area and close-up photos with an without a __________ should be taken and taken at different_________.

crime scene examiner, measuring ruler, angles

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31

In sketching the scene…

accurate rough sketch, all objects should be measured from two immovable landmarks, north should be labeled, scale of distance provided, everything included even if outside, final copy of crime scene should be made for court

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32

Searching for evidence can depend on the number of what?

investigators

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33

In searching for evidence what patterns should be walked?

spiral, grid, linear

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34

In searching for evidence the locations of evidence is:

marked, photographed, and sketched

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35

Single investigators use what pattern

grid, linear, or spiral

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36

A group of investigators uses what pattern

linear, zone, or quadrant

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37

What tools avoid picking extraneous (not important) material?

flashlight and forceps

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38

In searching for evidence patterns are_____and ensure______?

systematic, that no area is left unsearched

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39

In securing and collecting evidence, evidence needs to be_______

properly packaged, sealed, and labeled

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40

In securing and collecting evidence liquids and arson are_____

stored in airtight, unbreakable containers

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41

In securing and collecting evidence, biological or wet evidence is____

stored in breathable containers so the evidence can dry out and mold contamination is reduced

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42

Biological evidence, once dried and after being stored in breathable containers, is____

packaged in a paper bindle and placed into a plastic or paper container; the outer containers is sealed with tape and labeled with the signature of the collector

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43

Evidence is ______ by the collector

signed with his/her name

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44

One of the largest forensic crime labs in the world

FBI crime lab

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45

What lab processes all evidence collected

forensic lab

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46

Who are and what do forensic lab techs do

specialized in one particular forensic field (ex:entomology) and process one type of evidence

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47

Who are lab RESULTS sent to

the lead detective

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48

What do test results lead to

crime-scene reconstruction

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49

Crime Scene Reconstruction

Forming a hypothesis of the sequence of events from before the crime was committed through its commission.

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50

Who determines how evidences fits into the overall crime scenario

detectives

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51

Evidence is explained and compared to what to determine the reliability of what?

witnesses’ statements to determine the reliability of their accounts

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52

Acquit

free someone from a criminal charge by a verdict of not guilty

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53

Evidence doesn't lie but can be_____

staged

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54

Common situations in which a crime scene is staged

arson (often used to cover up other crimes like murder), suicide/murder (can be staged to look like a suicide), burglary (staged to collect insurance money)

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